[소개]Karen Coyle is a librarian with nearly 20 years experience developing computer systems for libraries. She currently works at the University of California in the California Digital Library, which develops the online access system used by libraries on the nine UC campuses.
[홈페이지]->클릭!
[추천글]Linked Data and Libraries. June, 2010, ALA Pre-Conference on Linked Data
2010년 12월 28일 화요일
2010년 12월 20일 월요일
[journal]Journal of Library Metadata
2010년 12월 현재 10권까지 발행
Journal of Library Metadata
ISSN: 1937-5034 (electronic) 1938-6389 (paper)
Publication Frequency: 4 issues per year
Subjects: Librarianship; Research Librarianship;
Publisher: Routledge
선행표제: Journal of Internet Cataloging
ISSN: 1091-1367 (paper)
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Now published as: Journal of Library Metadata
7권까지 나왔음
Journal of Library Metadata
ISSN: 1937-5034 (electronic) 1938-6389 (paper)
Publication Frequency: 4 issues per year
Subjects: Librarianship; Research Librarianship;
Publisher: Routledge
선행표제: Journal of Internet Cataloging
ISSN: 1091-1367 (paper)
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Now published as: Journal of Library Metadata
7권까지 나왔음
2010년 12월 17일 금요일
[journal]Information Research
오픈 액세스 저널이다.
Information Research, is an open access, international, peer-reviewed, scholarly journal, dedicated to making accessible the results of research across a wide range of information-related disciplines. It is privately published and edited by Professor T.D. Wilson. It is hosted, and given technical support, by Lund University Libraries, Sweden.
Information Research Click!
Information Research, is an open access, international, peer-reviewed, scholarly journal, dedicated to making accessible the results of research across a wide range of information-related disciplines. It is privately published and edited by Professor T.D. Wilson. It is hosted, and given technical support, by Lund University Libraries, Sweden.
Information Research Click!
2010년 12월 6일 월요일
[data]Pajek data: ODLIS
ODLIS를 Pajek을 이용해 분석한 데이터이다. 바로가기
참고로, ODLIS: Online Dictionary of Library and Information Science 바로가기
아래 내용은 Pajek 페이지의 내용이다.
from Pajek datasets
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ODLIS: Online Dictionary of Library and Information Science
Dataset odlis
Description odlis.net directed network with 2909 vertices and 18419 arcs (5 loops).
Download odlis.net (ZIP, 62K)
Background
The network Odlis.net is based on the ODLIS: Online Dictionary of Library and Information Science. version December 2000.
ODLIS is designed to be a hypertext reference resource for library and information science professionals, university students and faculty, and users of all types of libraries. The primary criterion for including a new term is whether a librarian or other information professional might reasonably be expected to encounter it at some point in his (or her) career, or be required to know its meaning in the course of executing his or her responsibilities as a librarian. The vocabulary of publishing, printing, book history, literature, and computer science has been included when, in the author's judgment, a definition might prove helpful, not only to library and information professionals, but also to laypersons.
An arc (X,Y) from term X to term Y exists in the network iff in the ODLIS dictionary the term Y is used to describe the meaning of term X.
ODLIS is the work of Joan M. Reitz, Assistant Professor/Instruction Librarian at the Ruth A. Haas Library, Western Connecticut State University (WCSU) in Danbury, CT. Ms. Reitz holds an M.L.I.S. degree (1991) from the University of Washington in Seattle and an M.A. degree (1998) in European History from Western Connecticut State University. Her primary research interests are the history of the book and history of political and social revolutions.
History
ODLIS began at the Haas Library in 1994 as a five-page photocopied handout intended for undergraduates not fluent in English, and students with limited exposure to library terminology.
In 1996, it was expanded and converted to HTML format for installation on the WCSU Libraries HomePage under the title Hypertext Library Lingo: A Glossary of Library Terminology.
In 1997, many more hypertext links were added and the format improved in response to suggestions from users.
During the summer of 1999, several hundred terms and definitions were added, and a generic version created which omitted all references to the specific conditions and practices at the Haas Library.
In the fall of 1999, the glossary was expanded to 1,800 terms, renamed to reflect its extended scope, and copyrighted.
In February, 2000, ODLIS was indexed in Yahoo! under "Reference - Dictionaries - Subject." It is also indexed in the WorldCat database in OCLC FirstSearch.
During the year 2000, the dictionary was expanded to 2,600 terms. On average, it has received over 6,200 visits per month since January 2, 2000.
December 2000: ODLIS transformed in Pajek format and 'cleaned' by A. Mrvar and V. Batagelj.
References
Joan M. Reitz (2002): ODLIS: Online Dictionary of Library and Information Science.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pajek Data; Pajek Home
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27. January 2004
그리고 다음 조건에서 사용가능하다.
Licenses and Citation:If the source of the data set is not specified otherwise, these data sets are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License
.
When publishing results obtained using this data set the original authors should be cited. In addition this collection should be cited as:
Vladimir Batagelj and Andrej Mrvar (2006): Pajek datasets.
또한 단행본으로도 발행되었다. RISS 서지정보 바로가기
** 관련 논문이다 --> "Network analysis of dictionaries"
참고로, ODLIS: Online Dictionary of Library and Information Science 바로가기
아래 내용은 Pajek 페이지의 내용이다.
from Pajek datasets
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ODLIS: Online Dictionary of Library and Information Science
Dataset odlis
Description odlis.net directed network with 2909 vertices and 18419 arcs (5 loops).
Download odlis.net (ZIP, 62K)
Background
The network Odlis.net is based on the ODLIS: Online Dictionary of Library and Information Science. version December 2000.
ODLIS is designed to be a hypertext reference resource for library and information science professionals, university students and faculty, and users of all types of libraries. The primary criterion for including a new term is whether a librarian or other information professional might reasonably be expected to encounter it at some point in his (or her) career, or be required to know its meaning in the course of executing his or her responsibilities as a librarian. The vocabulary of publishing, printing, book history, literature, and computer science has been included when, in the author's judgment, a definition might prove helpful, not only to library and information professionals, but also to laypersons.
An arc (X,Y) from term X to term Y exists in the network iff in the ODLIS dictionary the term Y is used to describe the meaning of term X.
ODLIS is the work of Joan M. Reitz, Assistant Professor/Instruction Librarian at the Ruth A. Haas Library, Western Connecticut State University (WCSU) in Danbury, CT. Ms. Reitz holds an M.L.I.S. degree (1991) from the University of Washington in Seattle and an M.A. degree (1998) in European History from Western Connecticut State University. Her primary research interests are the history of the book and history of political and social revolutions.
History
ODLIS began at the Haas Library in 1994 as a five-page photocopied handout intended for undergraduates not fluent in English, and students with limited exposure to library terminology.
In 1996, it was expanded and converted to HTML format for installation on the WCSU Libraries HomePage under the title Hypertext Library Lingo: A Glossary of Library Terminology.
In 1997, many more hypertext links were added and the format improved in response to suggestions from users.
During the summer of 1999, several hundred terms and definitions were added, and a generic version created which omitted all references to the specific conditions and practices at the Haas Library.
In the fall of 1999, the glossary was expanded to 1,800 terms, renamed to reflect its extended scope, and copyrighted.
In February, 2000, ODLIS was indexed in Yahoo! under "Reference - Dictionaries - Subject." It is also indexed in the WorldCat database in OCLC FirstSearch.
During the year 2000, the dictionary was expanded to 2,600 terms. On average, it has received over 6,200 visits per month since January 2, 2000.
December 2000: ODLIS transformed in Pajek format and 'cleaned' by A. Mrvar and V. Batagelj.
References
Joan M. Reitz (2002): ODLIS: Online Dictionary of Library and Information Science.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pajek Data; Pajek Home
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27. January 2004
그리고 다음 조건에서 사용가능하다.
Licenses and Citation:If the source of the data set is not specified otherwise, these data sets are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License
.
When publishing results obtained using this data set the original authors should be cited. In addition this collection should be cited as:
Vladimir Batagelj and Andrej Mrvar (2006): Pajek datasets.
또한 단행본으로도 발행되었다. RISS 서지정보 바로가기
** 관련 논문이다 --> "Network analysis of dictionaries"
[Journal]Technical Services Quarterly
LISTA에서 서지정보를 볼 수 있다.
원문은 제공하지 않는다(도서관에 따라 다를 것이다).
Publication Details For "Technical Services Quarterly"
Title: Technical Services Quarterly
ISSN: 0731-7131
Publisher Information: Taylor & Francis Ltd
4 Park Square
Milton Park
Abington, Oxon OX14 4RN
Bibliographic Records: 01/01/2000 to present, with selective coverage back to 1983
Link to this Publication:
Publication Type: Academic Journal
Subjects: Library & Information Science
Publisher URL: http://www.haworthpress.com/journals/dds.asp
Frequency: 4
Peer Reviewed: Yes
원문은 제공하지 않는다(도서관에 따라 다를 것이다).
Publication Details For "Technical Services Quarterly"
Title: Technical Services Quarterly
ISSN: 0731-7131
Publisher Information: Taylor & Francis Ltd
4 Park Square
Milton Park
Abington, Oxon OX14 4RN
Bibliographic Records: 01/01/2000 to present, with selective coverage back to 1983
Link to this Publication:
Publication Type: Academic Journal
Subjects: Library & Information Science
Publisher URL: http://www.haworthpress.com/journals/dds.asp
Frequency: 4
Peer Reviewed: Yes
2010년 11월 23일 화요일
[news]Testing RDA
LC에서 RDA를 적용하기 위해서 테스트를 하는 중이다.
Testing Resource Description and Access (RDA)
In response to concerns about RDA raised by the Library of Congress Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control, the three U.S. national libraries--the Library of Congress (LC), the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and the National Agricultural Library (NAL)--made a commitment to the further development and completion of RDA. The three libraries agreed to make a joint decision on whether or not to implement RDA, based on the results of a test of both RDA and the Web product. The goal of the test is to assure the operational, technical, and economic feasibility of RDA. Testers will include the three national libraries and the broader U.S. library community.
(from: http://www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/rda/)
Testing Resource Description and Access (RDA)
In response to concerns about RDA raised by the Library of Congress Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control, the three U.S. national libraries--the Library of Congress (LC), the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and the National Agricultural Library (NAL)--made a commitment to the further development and completion of RDA. The three libraries agreed to make a joint decision on whether or not to implement RDA, based on the results of a test of both RDA and the Web product. The goal of the test is to assure the operational, technical, and economic feasibility of RDA. Testers will include the three national libraries and the broader U.S. library community.
(from: http://www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/rda/)
[event]International UDC Seminar 2011
International UDC Seminar 2011
Classification & Ontology
The International UDC Seminar 2011 is organized by the UDC Consortium and hosted by The National Library of The Netherlands (Koninklijke Bibliotheek). The UDCC is a self-funded, non-commercial, organization, based in The Hague, established to maintain and distribute the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) and support its use and development.
Classification & Ontology
The International UDC Seminar 2011 is organized by the UDC Consortium and hosted by The National Library of The Netherlands (Koninklijke Bibliotheek). The UDCC is a self-funded, non-commercial, organization, based in The Hague, established to maintain and distribute the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) and support its use and development.
2010년 11월 19일 금요일
[researcher]Allyson Carlyle
[Allyson Carlyle 바로가기]
Professor Carlyle has an MLS (1986) and a PhD (1994) from the University of California, Los Angeles.
Professor Carlyle has an MLS (1986) and a PhD (1994) from the University of California, Los Angeles.
[event]International Symposium on the Future of Information Organization Research
International Symposium on the Future of Information Organization Research
October 4-5, 2010, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Co-Sponsored by:
National Taiwan University, Department of Library and Information Science
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, School of Information Studies
Speakers in alphabetical order (more to be added soon):
The Library, The Catalog, and the Future of Information Organization Research Allyson
Carlyle, Associate Professor
Information School, University of Washington
Folksonomy and Subject Indexing
Lois Mai Chan, Professor
School of Library and Information Science, University of Kentucky
The Implementation of Collection-Level Description - Taiwan's Experience
Hsueh-Hua Chen, Professor and University Librarian
Department of Library & Information Science, National Taiwan University
People, Information, and Technology: A Research Agenda for Information Organization Professionals
Ingrid Hsieh-Yee, Interim Dean and Professor
School of Library and Information Science, Catholic University of America
Traditional Chinese Bibliography Meets the Future Wen-Chin Lan, Assistant Professor
Department of Library & Information Science, National Taiwan University
Hur-Li Lee, Associate Professor
School of Information Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
From FRBR to FRBRoon Through Cidoc CRM: A Common Ontology for Cultural Heritage Information
Patrick Le Boeuf, Library Curator
"Pôle de communication et formation professionnelles" [Office for communication on and training in cataloging activities], National Library of France
The Illusion of Objectivity: The Modern Invention of the Catalog
Jens-Erik Mai, Associate Professor
University of Toronto, Faculty of Information
Historical Traces of Xenophobia in Western Classificatory Structure
Hope A Olson, Professor and Interim Dean
School of Information Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
By Hur-Li Lee | Published: August 27, 2010 | Tags: iorg international lecture research
October 4-5, 2010, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Co-Sponsored by:
National Taiwan University, Department of Library and Information Science
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, School of Information Studies
Speakers in alphabetical order (more to be added soon):
The Library, The Catalog, and the Future of Information Organization Research Allyson
Carlyle, Associate Professor
Information School, University of Washington
Folksonomy and Subject Indexing
Lois Mai Chan, Professor
School of Library and Information Science, University of Kentucky
The Implementation of Collection-Level Description - Taiwan's Experience
Hsueh-Hua Chen, Professor and University Librarian
Department of Library & Information Science, National Taiwan University
People, Information, and Technology: A Research Agenda for Information Organization Professionals
Ingrid Hsieh-Yee, Interim Dean and Professor
School of Library and Information Science, Catholic University of America
Traditional Chinese Bibliography Meets the Future Wen-Chin Lan, Assistant Professor
Department of Library & Information Science, National Taiwan University
Hur-Li Lee, Associate Professor
School of Information Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
From FRBR to FRBRoon Through Cidoc CRM: A Common Ontology for Cultural Heritage Information
Patrick Le Boeuf, Library Curator
"Pôle de communication et formation professionnelles" [Office for communication on and training in cataloging activities], National Library of France
The Illusion of Objectivity: The Modern Invention of the Catalog
Jens-Erik Mai, Associate Professor
University of Toronto, Faculty of Information
Historical Traces of Xenophobia in Western Classificatory Structure
Hope A Olson, Professor and Interim Dean
School of Information Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
By Hur-Li Lee | Published: August 27, 2010 | Tags: iorg international lecture research
[researcher]Jens-Erik Mai
[박사학위논문]
Mai, J-E. The Subject Indexing Process: An Investigation of Problems in Knowledge Representation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. The University of Texas at Austin, 2000.
오픈액세스 가능 기타 자료
[Jens-Erik Mai 바로가기]
Mai, J-E. The Subject Indexing Process: An Investigation of Problems in Knowledge Representation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. The University of Texas at Austin, 2000.
오픈액세스 가능 기타 자료
[Jens-Erik Mai 바로가기]
2010년 10월 6일 수요일
[발췌]제3의 눈
내 전공이 정보조직이 아니었다면, 아래 글들을 지나쳤을 지 모른다.
신기해 하거나 애석해 할 필요도 없었을 것이다.
3. "몇해 전부터 그곳 점자도서관의 사서는 네가 와주길 청했지만 공교롭게도 그때마다 다른 일과 겹쳐서 응하지 못했다고. 초봄에 또다시 전화가 걸려왔다고도. 막 너의 신간이 출간된 때였다. 점자도서관 사서는 너의 신간을 가지고 점자책을 만들고 싶다고 했다. (중략) ... 사서가 점자로 책을 만드는 걸 허락해주었으면 한다고 했다. 사서가 '허락'이라는 말을 쓰지 않았다면 네가 점자도서관에 가는 일은 이번에도 성사되지 않았을지도 모른다. 사서가 발음한 '허락'이라는 말이 너의 마음을 움직였다. (중략) 사서는 점차책이 완성될 무렵이 11월이고 11월은 '점자의 날'이 있는 달이라고 했다. 그날 도서관에 와서 책 기증식을 했으면 한다고 했다. 일이 왜 이렇게 되어가지? 싶었으나 그러지요, 한 말을 번복할 수는 없었다. 초봄의 일이라 11월이면 먼 날이라고 여긴 것도 한몫했을 것이다." - 엄마를 부탁해(2008). 신경숙. 창비. p.39-40.
2. "과거에 도서관은 정보를 모아놓은 하나의 장소를 의미했다. 하지만 디지털 기술은 정보의 집적에서 이 장소의 구속을 파괴해버렸다. 오늘날 정보는 수많은 장소에 산포된다. 여기서 정보는 '분류'되는 대신에 위계질서 없이 '링크'된다. 인터넷은 디지털 시대에 환생한 알렉산드리아의 도서관이다. 도서관에서 가장 큰 문제는 정보의 검색이다. 전통적 도서관에서는 기다란 서랍에 빽빽이 꽃힌 카드와 책 뒤에 붙은 색인이 인터페이스의 역할을 했다. 인터넷이라는 디지털 도서관에서는 검색엔진이 그 역할을 담당한다." - 크로스(2009). 정재승, 진중권. 웅진지식하우스. p.45.
1. "머지 않아 방 안에 앉아서도 지상에서 일어나는 모든 일을 보게 될 날이 올 겁니다"
- 백년동안의 고독(1967). 가브리엘 마르케스/임호준 옮김. 고려원미디어. p.13.
신기해 하거나 애석해 할 필요도 없었을 것이다.
3. "몇해 전부터 그곳 점자도서관의 사서는 네가 와주길 청했지만 공교롭게도 그때마다 다른 일과 겹쳐서 응하지 못했다고. 초봄에 또다시 전화가 걸려왔다고도. 막 너의 신간이 출간된 때였다. 점자도서관 사서는 너의 신간을 가지고 점자책을 만들고 싶다고 했다. (중략) ... 사서가 점자로 책을 만드는 걸 허락해주었으면 한다고 했다. 사서가 '허락'이라는 말을 쓰지 않았다면 네가 점자도서관에 가는 일은 이번에도 성사되지 않았을지도 모른다. 사서가 발음한 '허락'이라는 말이 너의 마음을 움직였다. (중략) 사서는 점차책이 완성될 무렵이 11월이고 11월은 '점자의 날'이 있는 달이라고 했다. 그날 도서관에 와서 책 기증식을 했으면 한다고 했다. 일이 왜 이렇게 되어가지? 싶었으나 그러지요, 한 말을 번복할 수는 없었다. 초봄의 일이라 11월이면 먼 날이라고 여긴 것도 한몫했을 것이다." - 엄마를 부탁해(2008). 신경숙. 창비. p.39-40.
2. "과거에 도서관은 정보를 모아놓은 하나의 장소를 의미했다. 하지만 디지털 기술은 정보의 집적에서 이 장소의 구속을 파괴해버렸다. 오늘날 정보는 수많은 장소에 산포된다. 여기서 정보는 '분류'되는 대신에 위계질서 없이 '링크'된다. 인터넷은 디지털 시대에 환생한 알렉산드리아의 도서관이다. 도서관에서 가장 큰 문제는 정보의 검색이다. 전통적 도서관에서는 기다란 서랍에 빽빽이 꽃힌 카드와 책 뒤에 붙은 색인이 인터페이스의 역할을 했다. 인터넷이라는 디지털 도서관에서는 검색엔진이 그 역할을 담당한다." - 크로스(2009). 정재승, 진중권. 웅진지식하우스. p.45.
1. "머지 않아 방 안에 앉아서도 지상에서 일어나는 모든 일을 보게 될 날이 올 겁니다"
- 백년동안의 고독(1967). 가브리엘 마르케스/임호준 옮김. 고려원미디어. p.13.
2010년 9월 29일 수요일
[journal]Libraries and the Cultural Record
저널 정보 -> 여기
1. Volumes 1:1-three years before current issue: Available through JSTOR, online and full-text (includes articles published under former titles Libraries and Culture and Journal of Library History)
**************** 참고로 JSTOR는 아래 저널도 제공한다.
Access Library Science (9 titles) Full Text Links to External Content
The American Archivist 1938-2006
Journal of Education for Library and Information Science 1984-2006
Journal of Education for Librarianship 1960-1984
Libraries & the Cultural Record 2006
Libraries & Culture 1988-2006
The Journal of Library History (1974-1987) 1974-1987
Journal of Library History, Philosophy, and Comparative Librarianship 1973
The Journal of Library History (1966-1972) 1966-1972
The Library Quarterly 1931-2004
****************
2. Volumes 36:1-present: Available through Project Muse, online and full-text
--> Project MUSE에서 이용 가능
Volume 45, Number 3, 2010
E-ISSN: 1932-9555 Print ISSN: 1932-4855
Publisher:
University of Texas Press
JOURNAL COVERAGE:
Vol. 36 (2001) through current issue
ABOUT THE JOURNAL:
Formerly Libraries and Culture, through volume 41, no. 2, Spring 2006 (E-ISSN: 1534-7591, Print ISSN: 0894-8631).
L&CR is an interdisciplinary journal that explores the significance of collections of recorded knowledge-their creation, organization, preservation and utilization–in the context of cultural and social history.
1. Volumes 1:1-three years before current issue: Available through JSTOR, online and full-text (includes articles published under former titles Libraries and Culture and Journal of Library History)
**************** 참고로 JSTOR는 아래 저널도 제공한다.
Access Library Science (9 titles) Full Text Links to External Content
The American Archivist 1938-2006
Journal of Education for Library and Information Science 1984-2006
Journal of Education for Librarianship 1960-1984
Libraries & the Cultural Record 2006
Libraries & Culture 1988-2006
The Journal of Library History (1974-1987) 1974-1987
Journal of Library History, Philosophy, and Comparative Librarianship 1973
The Journal of Library History (1966-1972) 1966-1972
The Library Quarterly 1931-2004
****************
2. Volumes 36:1-present: Available through Project Muse, online and full-text
--> Project MUSE에서 이용 가능
Volume 45, Number 3, 2010
E-ISSN: 1932-9555 Print ISSN: 1932-4855
Publisher:
University of Texas Press
JOURNAL COVERAGE:
Vol. 36 (2001) through current issue
ABOUT THE JOURNAL:
Formerly Libraries and Culture, through volume 41, no. 2, Spring 2006 (E-ISSN: 1534-7591, Print ISSN: 0894-8631).
L&CR is an interdisciplinary journal that explores the significance of collections of recorded knowledge-their creation, organization, preservation and utilization–in the context of cultural and social history.
2010년 9월 23일 목요일
[journal]Information Research
현재 Volume 15 No 3 September, 2010 까지 나왔다.
전자저널이다.
Information Research
주제색인에서 골랐다.
cataloguing
cataloguing in special libraries in the 1990s
What is the title of a Web page? A study of Webography practice
chemical information processing
Extracting variant forms of chemical names for information retrieval
classification
Arguments for 'the bibliographical paradigm'. Some thoughts inspired by the new English edition of the UDC
Converting a controlled vocabulary into an ontology: the case of GEM
The retrievability of a discipline: a domain analytic view of classification [Poster abstract]
Dublin Core Constructing
Web subject gateways using Dublin Core, the Resource Description Framework and Topic Maps
government information
Tracking government Websites for information integration
indexing
An associative index model for the results list based on Vannevar Bush's selection concept
Observing documentary reading by verbal protocol
Trusting tags, terms, and recommendations
information management
The duality of knowledge
information quality
Information quality assessment on the Web: an expression of behaviour
An inside view: credibility in Wikipedia from the perspective of editors
information use
Conceptualizing the personal outcomes of information
Diversity in the conceptions of information use
How are records used in organizations?
Seeking relevance in academic information use
Young people's perceptions and usage of Wikipedia
information work
Human issues of library and information work
Japan
Information sharing between different groups: a qualitative study of information service to business in Japanese public libraries
Satisfaction and perception of usefulness among users of business information services in Japan
JavaScript™ Watch this: artisanal animation
job descriptions
The information professional's profile: an analysis of Brazilian job vacancies on the Internet
metadata
Watch this: Webified markup
name equivalences
On identifying name equivalences in digital libraries
records management
Education and training for records management in the electronic environment - the (re)search for an appropriate model
How are records used in organizations?
Wikipedia
An inside view: credibility in Wikipedia from the perspective of editors
Where does the information come from? Information source use patterns in Wikipedia
Young people's perceptions and usage of Wikipedia
XML
Where is meaning when form is gone? Knowledge representation on the Web
전자저널이다.
Information Research
주제색인에서 골랐다.
cataloguing
cataloguing in special libraries in the 1990s
What is the title of a Web page? A study of Webography practice
chemical information processing
Extracting variant forms of chemical names for information retrieval
classification
Arguments for 'the bibliographical paradigm'. Some thoughts inspired by the new English edition of the UDC
Converting a controlled vocabulary into an ontology: the case of GEM
The retrievability of a discipline: a domain analytic view of classification [Poster abstract]
Dublin Core Constructing
Web subject gateways using Dublin Core, the Resource Description Framework and Topic Maps
government information
Tracking government Websites for information integration
indexing
An associative index model for the results list based on Vannevar Bush's selection concept
Observing documentary reading by verbal protocol
Trusting tags, terms, and recommendations
information management
The duality of knowledge
information quality
Information quality assessment on the Web: an expression of behaviour
An inside view: credibility in Wikipedia from the perspective of editors
information use
Conceptualizing the personal outcomes of information
Diversity in the conceptions of information use
How are records used in organizations?
Seeking relevance in academic information use
Young people's perceptions and usage of Wikipedia
information work
Human issues of library and information work
Japan
Information sharing between different groups: a qualitative study of information service to business in Japanese public libraries
Satisfaction and perception of usefulness among users of business information services in Japan
JavaScript™ Watch this: artisanal animation
job descriptions
The information professional's profile: an analysis of Brazilian job vacancies on the Internet
metadata
Watch this: Webified markup
name equivalences
On identifying name equivalences in digital libraries
records management
Education and training for records management in the electronic environment - the (re)search for an appropriate model
How are records used in organizations?
Wikipedia
An inside view: credibility in Wikipedia from the perspective of editors
Where does the information come from? Information source use patterns in Wikipedia
Young people's perceptions and usage of Wikipedia
XML
Where is meaning when form is gone? Knowledge representation on the Web
2010년 9월 10일 금요일
[article]Westmar College archives: how we did it
Westmar College archives: how we did it
Authors:Kang, U H1
Source:Christian Librarian; Nov 1989, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p18-23, 6p
Document Type:Article
Subject Terms:ARCHIVES
CLASSIFICATION
RECORDS -- Management
Author-Supplied Keywords:Colleges
Abstract:This article describes how Westmar College established its archives and how a classification system was devised for its records. The first stage in the process of developing an archives program was the inventory of records, as well as appraisal of records for archival value. The classification outline is included in an appendix.Notes:Update Code: 2500Author Affiliations:1CBN Univ., Virginia Beach, VAISSN:04123131Accession Number:ISTA2501059Database: Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts with Full Text
Authors:Kang, U H1
Source:Christian Librarian; Nov 1989, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p18-23, 6p
Document Type:Article
Subject Terms:ARCHIVES
CLASSIFICATION
RECORDS -- Management
Author-Supplied Keywords:Colleges
Abstract:This article describes how Westmar College established its archives and how a classification system was devised for its records. The first stage in the process of developing an archives program was the inventory of records, as well as appraisal of records for archival value. The classification outline is included in an appendix.Notes:Update Code: 2500Author Affiliations:1CBN Univ., Virginia Beach, VAISSN:04123131Accession Number:ISTA2501059Database: Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts with Full Text
[proceeding]Evaluating a Metadata-based Term Suggestion Interface for PubMed with Real Users with Real Requests
from http://www.asis.org/Conferences/AM09/open-proceedings/papers/38.xml
2009 ASIST Annual Meeting
Thriving on Diversity - Information Opportunities in a Pluralistic World
November 6-11, 2009
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Evaluating a Metadata-based Term Suggestion Interface for PubMed with Real Users with Real Requests
Authors
Muh-Chyun Tang
Department of Library and Information Science, National Taiwan University
No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan (R.O.C)
Email: mctang@ntu.edu.tw
Wan-Ching Wu
Department of Library and Information Science, National Taiwan University
No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan (R.O.C)
Email: reneemorrisb67@gmail.com
Bang-Woei Hung
Department of Information management, National Taiwan University
No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan (R.O.C)
Email: nennenpow@gmail.com
This paper reports results of an evaluation study of MAP (Multi-faceted Access to PubMed), a metadata induced query suggestion interface for PubMed bibliographic search.
A novel evaluation methodology was used to address the challenges involved in evaluating an IIR (Interactive Information Retrieval) system such as the MAP interface. The most significant aspect of this methodology is that, instead of using assigned tasks common in traditional IR evaluation, it asks real users with real search requests to search with real systems in an experimental setting. Several performance measures were created based on which comparisons were made between MAP and PubMed baseline. MAP was shown to perform better in several of these measures, especially when the search requests had not been attempted before.
The finding pointed to search characteristics as an important intervening variable in IIR evaluation. The advantages of and potential threats to our methodology were also discussed.
Introduction
Arguably one of the most difficult tasks in IR is the representation of users’ requests (Belkin, 1980). Search engine users are known to submit very short and ambiguous queries (Jansen, Sprink and Saracevic, 2000). The shallowness of the representation of user request stands in direct contrast to the thoroughness of document representation. This disparity often results in unmanageable search results for users of a heterogeneous and massive bibliographic database such as PubMed. Several system features of PubMed (e.g. default “explode” function and free-text indexing in title and abstract fields) that aim at facilitating end-user searching tend to increase indexing exhaustivity and therefore favor search recall at the expense of precision. Faced with the unmanageable amount of returned results, users are often left with few options but to hastily browse the first few returned pages.
The enormous size of the returned set creates at least two barriers to a successful user-system communication. Firstly, there is no telling whether there might be documents relevant to users’ needs buried deep down in the returned set. Secondly, the skimming of the surface of the returned set gives inadequate feedback to meaningfully help users’ judgment about the query performance.
The breakdown of user-system communication is especially severe in search situations where users are searching for unfamiliar topics or only have vague information needs. Without timely feedback from the system, users are unlikely to be able to interact effectively with the system, and refine their searches.
To address the communication breakdown, an interface was created for PubMed search that utilizes MeSH co-occurrence information to provide support for users’ query construction. The article reports the functionality of the interface and results of an experiment designed to assess its effectiveness. A novel approach was proposed to the evaluation of interactive information retrieval (IIR) systems such as ours. In the following sections we first elaborate on the functionality of the interface, followed by the research design and procedures, and conclude with the results of the quantitative analyses.
Query augmentation
To alleviate the mismatch of representational exhaustivity at the two ends of IR process, various techniques have been proposed to expand users’ queries, either automatically or interactively. An approach that has recently gained wide adoption is “metadata guided search”, which involves dynamically extracting metadata from the initial returned set for users to augment their queries (Hearst, Elliott, English, Sinha, Swearingen, and Yee, 2002; Lin, 1999; Pollitt, 1998). For literature searches in health sciences specifically, several attempts have been made to exploit term co-occurrence relationship for term suggestion purpose, with terms extracted either from a controlled vocabulary (Doms and Schroeder, 2005), or free-text in the article abstracts (Goetz and von der Lieth, 2005; Perez-Iratxeta, Bork, Andrade, 2001; Plikus, Zhang and Chuong, 2006).
Multi-faceted Access to PubMed
Our approach involves extracting faceted metadata to guide user exploration of the information space similar to that proposed in Hearst et al. (Hearst et al, 2002), with a few modifications made for the specific circumstances of PubMed search. An interface (MAP) was built that delivers the query submitted to PubMed and generates MeSH terms for users to refine their queries. For a massive database like PubMed, it become less feasible to adopt the browse and select method proposed in Hearst’s Flamenco system. Instead of relying solely on browsing, the proposed interface preserves the search mode of access while providing the browsable faceted category in support of searching.
At the implementation level, dynamically extracting metadata at search time could be problematic as the amount of computing time needed might cause a delay. Therefore instead of generating a term co-occurrence matrix on the fly during searching time from the search results, a database of term occurrence data was built beforehand. The term co-occurrence table can be updated regularly to better represent the conceptual relationships in the published literature. The database included descriptors from MeSH term, author and journal title fields extracted from all the PubMed bibliographic records in 2006 and 2007.
As the user submits her/his query though the MAP interface, the top two hundreds terms that co-occurs most frequently with the query term will be indentified and display for browsing. As users are likely to submit non-MeSH terms as their queries, users’ queries have to be first mapped to an appropriate MeSH term in the prebuilt database. This is done by utilizing PubMed’s automatic translation table function (See more on automatic term mapping in “PubMed Help” ). Thus as the user submit her/his query, proper MeSH terms interpreted by PubMed’s automatic translation table are also retrieved in order to identify terms co-occurring with the initial term from our local database. In cases where no MeSH term is returned by the translation table, another search mechanism will be activated where descriptors are extracted directly from the top two hundreds returned Medline records.
Two approaches to term display have been attempted, one simply ranks the terms without categorization (List); the other organizes the terms by the MeSH top-level categories (Faceted-category). Terms are ranked in both methods by their co-occurrence frequency multiplied by its inverse terms frequency.
An empirical study was conducted to investigate the usefulness of the faceted-category version of the interface. Specifically, we would like to know, firstly, how users with genuine information needs will interact with the proposed interface. Secondly, whether the MAP interface performs favorably, compared to the regular PubMed interface. Of particular interest is under what search situations will MAP be most effective.
Evaluation of IIR systems
The evaluation of an IIR (Interactive IR) system such as MAP poses a serious challenge to evaluation methodology. In traditional IR evaluation, other than the system components being compared, searchers, search topics, and their interaction effects with the systems are regularly treated as random variance the experimenters strive to systematically control and minimize. The “Laboratory Model” (Kekäläinen, and Jäärvelin, 2002) of evaluation is very efficient for comparing the effectiveness of algorithms. However, it becomes inadequate for today’s interactive systems whose effectiveness depends largely on active users’ engagement (Belkin et al. 2004). TREC interactive track signifies the early effort to include human subject into the modeling of IR performance (Dumais, and Belkin, 2005). The inclusion of the users in the loop, however, also increases the difficulty in evaluation experimental design and analysis. It has been shown in TREC interactive track data that “topic effect” accounts for the greatest variance in models that includes searchers, search topics, systems and their interactions. To make the main system effects comparable, replicated Latin square design has been adopted where all the treatment levels (i.e. different systems) have equal chance of been “crossed” by the same searchers and search topics. Yet the threat of topic-system interactions remains. In the non-interactive test environment, the issue of topic effects and topic-system interactions biasing the systems comparison has been addressed by averaging performance criteria over a sufficient number of topics (Lagergren and Over, 1998), which is unfeasible where human searchers are involved.
Another inherit constrain in the traditional IR evaluation paradigm is that the systems compared are conceptualized as general purposes tools, without considering for what kinds of search requests it might be more effective. Therefore the assigned tasks are created mostly in an ad hoc manner, without theorizing task characteristics and how these characteristics might interact with the system features.
To better understand how real users with real search requests might interact with MAP, and its effectiveness under different search situations, a novel approach to IIR evaluation was adopted in our study, most notably the sampling of real users’ genuine search requests. Instead of assigning the participants a uniform set of search requests, it was decided to allow the participants to conduct their own search requests in a controlled experimental setting. This was done for the following reasons: firstly, it was feared that, had we used pre-constructed requests, the participants would simply grab terms from the task narrative as query terms, which renders the interface, which is designed for facilitating query construction, less useful, if not entirely useless. Secondly, as pointed out earlier, one of our research questions is to look into the usefulness of the interface under different search situations. To do so using pre-constructed requests entails operationalizing search characteristics with topic narratives, which is difficult to pull through in a highly specialized domain such as health sciences without help from domain experts. Asking the participants to characterize their search requests with chosen attributes such as domain familiarity and whether it is a new or revisited search therefore affords us a rare opportunity to investigate the interactions between these attributes and interface on various performance criteria. Specifically, it hypothesized that, the MAP interface, because of the vocabulary support it provides, is more effective when the users are new to a research area and lack the necessary domain knowledge and terminology to conduct effective searches.
Research design
The decision to use real users searching for real information needs on real systems entails several thorny methodological issues that need to be addressed. First of all, without a set of predefined tasks we do not have the benefit of objective relevant judgment that serves as the benchmark
Table 1. Graphic representation of the experimental design
for traditional IR evaluations. Therefore it is important to come up with valid performance criteria other than recall and precision based on which system performance can be compared. Secondly, the use of real user requests poses further challenges to creating a research design capable of controlling the confounding factors.
In our design, participants were asked to search their requests with both interfaces (the regular PubMed interface and MAP), which makes it a repeated measure design where each request serves as its own control. The repeated measure has the advantage of reducing the error term thereby giving more power to the statistical test. However, it also comes with its own risks, most significantly carry-over effects that might confound the results. To control for possible carry-over effect, the requests were randomly assigned to alternate treatment order, so that any given request would have an equal chance of being searched first with either interface.
Table1 shows the eventual mixed factorial design adopted in this study with the interface as the within-subject factor and type of search requests as the between-subject factor. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the four groups in which they would search their own requests, first on either of the interface, then move on to the other (See Table1). Notice that the treatments for the same request were never received in immediate sequence; this is done so in the hope of further minimizing the carryover effect as the there was always a “wash-out” period between the two treatments to the same request.
It is recognized that, despite the alternation of the treatment order, carry-over effect might still persist as terms picked up from the preceding interface would wind up unduly advantaging the present one. The risk seems larger in group 3 and 4, when the MAP interface was used first, as the participants were likely to be exposed to more terms in these sessions. It is therefore crucial to instruct the participants to start their search with the same query and not to use terms they have learned from a previous session when the request was searched the second time.
Research procedures
A total of 44 regular PubMed/Medline users were recruited to participate in the study, all of whom were graduate students in health and biomedical sciences. They were told to prepare two search requests of their own prior to coming to the laboratory.
The research procedure was as follow: Upon their arrivals, the participants were asked to give consent for the study and fill out a brief entry questionnaire where data regarding their subject expertise, educational status and PubMed/Medline search experiences were collected. An online video tutorial was given to explain how to operate the interface.
Before the search for each request began, a pre-search questionnaire was first administered in which the participants were asked to write down a search statement for the quest they were about to search. They were also asked to provide what they believed to be the most ideal query for the request at this point. Scaled data were also elicited on the characteristics of the request such as their familiarity with the problem area, thoroughness needed for the request, whether the request has been searched before and so on.
As noted in the methodology session, each participant would search for two requests of their own alternately on two interfaces, resulting in four search sessions. As the search session began, the participants first input the original query they had given in the pre-search questionnaire and then were asked to retrieve ten useful records using the interface they were assigned in that particular session. After the initial input, they were allowed to revise their queries based on feedback from the interfaces and the search results. In other words, they were able to interact with the interfaces as they would normally do when conducting PubMed searches.
The participants were told they had 15 minutes for the task, but could stop whenever they had finished. After each session, they would again write down what they consider to be the best query terms at this time. They were then asked to evaluate the goodness of their pre-and post-search ideal queries on a 0-6 scale. This information allowed us to compare, for each search request, the participant’s perceived goodness of his/her query before and after interacting with either interface. Scaled data were also elicited on satisfaction with the results and perceived usefulness of the interface in post-search questionnaire. All their interactions with the interfaces were logged and recorded by screen capture software. Of particular interests are numbers of iterations, number of terms selected and number of records viewed, which should give us a clearer idea about how users might interact differently with different interfaces (See Table 2 for a summary of the research procedures).
Table 2. Research procedure
After both search sessions for the same request had finished, the participants were asked to indicate the degree of relevance of each of the 20 records (10 from each session) on a 0-6 scale and single out records they had seen before. This allowed us to compare the quality of the search results retrieved by the two interfaces. Other performance criteria collected in the post-questionnaire include users’ assessment of how well their requests were represented by their queries (“goodness” of the query), as well as their satisfaction with the search results. The participants were also asked to comment on the usefulness of the term suggestion function and in what search situations they thought the function might be helpful. In the following section the initial analysis of the results will be reported, as the qualitative analysis of the query formulations are still underway, the results reported here will mostly derived from quantitative measurements.
Results
Search characteristics
A total of 88 (44x2) search quests were sampled, which resulted in 176 search sessions as each search session was searched with both MAP and PubMed baseline. Among the 88 search quests, 60 of them were requests that had been searched by the participants before (revisited searches), 28 of them were searched for the first time (new searches). Sampling genuine search quests affords us an opportunity to examine the relationships among different characteristics of information needs and how they might impact on the effectiveness of the interface. Table3 shows the correlations among different attributes of the search requests. Not surprisingly, the original goodness of the query was found to be highly correlated with the participant’s familiarity with the search topic, which is also highly correlated with the completeness needed for the search.
Table 3. Search characteristics correlations (N=88)
** p<.01, *p<.05
Querying behaviors
As the interface was designed with a view to facilitating query reformulation, naturally we would like to see whether users’ querying behaviors differ between the two interfaces. Specifically, four measures were compared to help us get a better sense of how querying behaviors differ: number of terms added and deleted per session, number of query submissions, and the similarity between users’ original query and finalized query. The original-final queries similarity can be seen as an indication of the effect of the interfaces on users’ queries. The higher the similarity, the less users’ final queries diverge from the original. Jaccard’s coefficient was used as the similarity measure:
Where A stands for the set of terms in the original query and B stands for the set of terms in the finalized query. A paired-samples t-test was conducted to evaluate whether original-final queries similarity differ between two interfaces. The results indicated that mean similarity for PubMed (M =.54, SD =.31) was significantly greater than the mean similarity for MAP (M = .39, SD = .27), t (87) = 3.77, p <.001. In other words, when using MAP, users’ final queries diverge from their original queries to a significantly larger degree than when using PubMed baseline.
Significantly differences were also found between PubMed and MAP with respect to the number of terms added, t (88) = 4.03, p <.001; and deleted, t (87) = 2.06, p <.05 during user interactions, as well as number of terms in finalized query t (87) = 3.00, p <.005) (See Table 4).
The participants were also found to make more query submissions (i.e. each time the search button is clicked) when searching with MAP (M = 5.26, SD = 2.78) than with PubMed (M = 3.74, SD = 2.74), the difference is significant, t (87) = 20.81, p<.001. Despite great disparity in the numbers of search iterations, an equivalent amount of records were viewed between the two interfaces, which was measured by summing up the number of surrogate records contained in the results pages (20 surrogate records per page) brought up by the user during a search session. This indicates to us that, on average, fewer records were viewed per submission when MAP was used.
Table 4. Comparison of querying behaviors
Search performance
A one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to determine the effect of the two interfaces (PubMed baseline vs. MAP) on the four performance criteria variables: perceived usefulness, self-assessed goodness of the query, average relevance score of the ten records saved, and user satisfaction with the results. Significant differences were found between the interfaces on the performance measures, Wilk’ Λ = .92 F(4 , 167) = 3.79, p<.01.
As the MANOVA test was shown to be significant, individual ANOVAs were then conducted. In the following we report the results of factorial ANOVA that test for the effects of two factors, namely, the interfaces and the types of search requests, on the aforementioned performance criteria. Here search requests were classified by whether it was a new or revisited search. This is based on our hypothesis that the experimental interface is more effective for users who are new to a research area.
The mean and standard deviations for participants’ assessment of the goodness of queries as a function of two factors are presented in Table 6. The MAP interface was shown to do significantly better in terms of the final “goodness” of the query, F(1,86) = 7.88, p=.006), especially in cases where the requests have not been searched before by the participants (See Table 5).
Table 5. “Goodness” of final query (n=88)
A similar pattern manifests itself with respect to the usefulness of the interface, F(1,86) = 13.13, p <.001. The MAP interface did better, and especially so when new searches were attempted (Table 6).
Table 6. Usefulness of interface (n= 88)
In terms of average relevance scores, MAP was found to be only a slightly better than PubMed baseline in both new and revisited searches (See Table 7), though the difference is not significant, F(1,86) = 2.38, p=.126 The type of searches, however, has a slightly stronger impact on the quality of search results, F(1,86) = 3.84, p=.053. Revisited searches produced better search results than new searches.
Table 7. Average relevance scores (n=88)
Similarly a 2x2 ANOVA was conducted to evaluate the effect of the interfaces and users’ previous topic search experiences on their satisfaction with search results. The results of the ANOVA test indicated a non-significant effect for interfaces F(1,82) = 1.82, p = .18, and a non-significant effect for search types, F(1,82) =.61., p=.44. In order to further investigate whether there was an interaction effect between interfaces and types of searches, we chose to ignore the method main effect and instead examined the method simple main effects, that is, the differences between interfaces for new and revisited searches, separately. There were no significant differences in users’ satisfaction with the results between interfaces for revisited searches F(1,116) = .75, p =.39, but there was a significant difference between the two for new searches, F(1,52) = 5.71, p = .021, which indicates that MAP did better in this regard only when a new search was attempted.
Table 8. Satisfaction with results (n=84)
Users’ satisfaction with terms suggested by MAP was also slightly higher in requests that have not been searched before (Table 9), though the difference is not significant.
Table 9. Satisfaction with suggested terms (n= 88)
The analyses that have been done so far seem to suggest that MAP was beneficial to users’ searches, particularly when the searches had not been attempted before. The remaining question is: in what aspect does it help users’ search? In the post-questionnaire, the participants were asked specifically about their perception of MAP with several Likert scale (0-6) type questions. They were asked, if the MAP interface helps their search at all, in what aspect does it help: 1. it helps me generate new ideas and concepts for future research, 2. it helps me clarify my search questions, 3. it helps by showing the structure of the literature in the database, and 4. it helps me manage the enormous amount of search results. ANOVA tests were conducted to evaluate whether the participants’ answers differed significantly between old and new searches. Among the four dimensions, only one significant difference, “help me generate new concepts”, was found between new and revisited searches (Table 10).
Table 10. Help generate new concepts (n= 88)
Types of query reformulation
Detailed analysis of the characteristics of added and deleted terms during user interactions are currently underway and reserved for a future discussion. The analysis focuses on how the expanded terms are related to the users’ original query. Here we present a few examples showing how the initial-expanded terms relationships will be categorized. Our current coding scheme largely concerns two relationship categories: terms semantically related to the initial terms, and terms that represent new ideas not included in the initial queries. Semantically related terms are arraigned in either a hierarchical (i.e. broader or narrow terms) or synonymous relationship with the initial terms. (See Table11). For example, in the search conducted by subject #19 with “tolerance of morphine dosage’ as the original query, the added MeSH terms “pain” and “treatment outcome” were coded as new ideas generated by MAP, as they do not have a clear hierarchical or synonymous relationship with terms in the original query. Another example of new ideas generated can be found in the session conducted by subject #24 with MAP, two new MeSH terms: “environment exposure” and “flame retardants” were added in the final query. An instance of hierarchical relationship can be found in the search conducted by subject #48 with the original query “cartilage repair AND tissue engineering”. Two MeSH terms were added during user interaction with MAP: “articular cartilage”, “biomaterials”. “Articular cartilage” was identified as a narrow term for the initial term “cartilage”, and “biomaterials” was a broader term for “tissue engineering”. For the same search request, another term, “osteoarthritis”, was added in the session with PubMed, which was coded as a new concept. With the categorization of term relationships, we will be able to examine the distribution of the aforementioned relationships in MAP vs. PubMed, and new vs. revisited search, which should help us infer whether and how the two factors: interfaces and previous search experiences, might influence the characteristics of expanded terms.
Table 11. Original-expanded terms relationships
Acknowledgements
References
Bates, M. J. (1989). The Design of Browsing and Berrypicking Techniques for the Online Search Interface. Online Review. 13 (5), 407-424.
Belkin, N. J. (1980). Anomalous states of knowledge as a basis for information retrieval. Canadian Journal of Information Science, 5(1980), 133-143.
Borlund, P. (2000). Experimental components for the evaluation for interactive information retrieval systems. Journal of Documentation, 56(1), 71-90.
Doms, A., and Schroeder, M. (2005). GoPubMed: exploring PubMed with the Gene Ontology. Nucleic Acids Research. 33 (Web Server issue), 783-786.
Dumais, S. T. and Belkin, N. J. (2005). The TREC interactive tracks: Putting the user into search. In E. M. V. D. K. Harman (Ed.), TREC: Experiment and evaluation in information retrieval, 123-153. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Efthimiadis, E. N. (2000). Interactive query expansion: A user-based evaluation in a relevance feedback environment. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 51(11), 989-1003.
Goetz T, and von der Lieth CW. (2005). PubFinder: a tool for improving retrieval rate of relevant PubMed abstracts. Nucleic Acids Research. 33 (Web Server issue), 774-778.
Hearst, M., Elliott, A., English, J., Sinha, R., Swearingen, K., and Yee, K.-P. (2002). The Consumer Side of Search - Finding the Flow in Web Site Search. Communications of the ACM. 45 (9), 42.
Hersh, W., Turpin, A., Price, S., Kraemer, D., Chan, B., Sacherek, L., et al. (2000). Do Batch and User Evaluations Give the Same Results? An Analysis from the TREC-8 Interactive Track. NIST Special Publication. (500), 531-540.
Jansen, B. J., Spink, A., and Saracevic, T. (2000). Real Life, Real Users, and Real Needs: A Study and Analysis of User Queries on the Web. Information Processing and Management. 36 (2), 207-227.
Joho, H., and Jose, J. M. (2006). Slicing and dicing the information space using local contexts. In IIiX: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Information interaction in context , (pp. 66-74). New York, NY, USA: ACM Press.
Kekäläinen, J., and Jäärvelin, K. (2002). Evaluating information retrieval systems under the challenges of interaction and multidimensional dynamic relevance. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the CoLIS 4 Conference, Greenwood Village, Colo.
Lagergren, E., and Over, P. (1998). Comparing interactive information retrieval systems across sites: the TREC-6 interactive track matrix experiment. Paper presented at The 21st Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Melbourne, Australia.
Lin, X. (1999). Visual MeSH. Paper presented at The 22nd International Conferences on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Berkeley, CA.
Plikus, M., Zhang, Z., and Chuong, C. -M. (2006). PubFocus: semantic MEDLINE/PubMed citations analytics through integration of controlled biomedical dictionaries and ranking algorithm. BMC Bioinformatics, 7(1), 424.
Perez-Iratxeta C, Bork. P., Andrade, M. A. (2001). XplorMed: a tool for exploring MEDLINE abstracts. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 26(9), 573-575.
Pollitt, A. S. (1998). The key role of classification and indexing in view-based searching. International cataloguing and bibliographic control, 27(2), 37-40.
Qu, Y., and Furnas, G. W. (2008). Model-driven formative evaluation of exploratory search: A study under a sensemaking framework. Information Processing and Management. , 44 (2), 534-555.
Robertson, S. E., and Hancock-Beaulieu, M. M. (1992). On the Evaluation of IR Systems. Information Processing and Management. 28 (4), 457-66.
Shiri, A., and Revie, C. (2006). Query Expansion Behavior Within a Thesaurus-Enhanced Search Environment: A User-Centered Evaluation. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 57 (4), 462-478.
Tang, M.-C. (2007). Browsing and searching in a faceted information space: a naturalistic study of PubMed Users' interaction with a display tool. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 58(13), p.1998-2006.
Taylor, R. S. (1968). Question-negotiation and information seeking in libraries. College and Research Libraries, 29(3), 178-194.
Vakkari, P. (2003). Task-based information searching. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology 2003, vol. 37 (B. Cronin, Ed.) Information Today: Medford, NJ, 2002, 413-464.
White, R. W., Muresan, G., and Marchionini, G. (2006). Report on ACM SIGIR 2006 workshop on evaluating exploratory search system. ACM SIGIR Forum, 40(2).
White, R. W., Drucker, S., Kules, B. and Schraefel, m. c. (2006). Supporting exploratory search. Communications of the ACM (Special Section), 49(4), 36-39.
White, R. W., Ruthven, I., and Jose, J. M. (2005). A study of factors affecting the utility of implicit relevance feedback. In Proceedings of the 28th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval (pp.35-42). Salvador, Brazil: ACM.
Appendix
Appendix I: Screenshot of MAP
Footnotes
1. The interface can be accessed at http://morris.lis.ntu.edu.tw/map/new/medlineFre2.php
See Appendix I for a screenshot of the interface
2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=helpPubMed.chapter.PubMedhelp
2009 ASIST Annual Meeting
Thriving on Diversity - Information Opportunities in a Pluralistic World
November 6-11, 2009
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Evaluating a Metadata-based Term Suggestion Interface for PubMed with Real Users with Real Requests
Authors
Muh-Chyun Tang
Department of Library and Information Science, National Taiwan University
No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan (R.O.C)
Email: mctang@ntu.edu.tw
Wan-Ching Wu
Department of Library and Information Science, National Taiwan University
No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan (R.O.C)
Email: reneemorrisb67@gmail.com
Bang-Woei Hung
Department of Information management, National Taiwan University
No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan (R.O.C)
Email: nennenpow@gmail.com
This paper reports results of an evaluation study of MAP (Multi-faceted Access to PubMed), a metadata induced query suggestion interface for PubMed bibliographic search.
A novel evaluation methodology was used to address the challenges involved in evaluating an IIR (Interactive Information Retrieval) system such as the MAP interface. The most significant aspect of this methodology is that, instead of using assigned tasks common in traditional IR evaluation, it asks real users with real search requests to search with real systems in an experimental setting. Several performance measures were created based on which comparisons were made between MAP and PubMed baseline. MAP was shown to perform better in several of these measures, especially when the search requests had not been attempted before.
The finding pointed to search characteristics as an important intervening variable in IIR evaluation. The advantages of and potential threats to our methodology were also discussed.
Introduction
Arguably one of the most difficult tasks in IR is the representation of users’ requests (Belkin, 1980). Search engine users are known to submit very short and ambiguous queries (Jansen, Sprink and Saracevic, 2000). The shallowness of the representation of user request stands in direct contrast to the thoroughness of document representation. This disparity often results in unmanageable search results for users of a heterogeneous and massive bibliographic database such as PubMed. Several system features of PubMed (e.g. default “explode” function and free-text indexing in title and abstract fields) that aim at facilitating end-user searching tend to increase indexing exhaustivity and therefore favor search recall at the expense of precision. Faced with the unmanageable amount of returned results, users are often left with few options but to hastily browse the first few returned pages.
The enormous size of the returned set creates at least two barriers to a successful user-system communication. Firstly, there is no telling whether there might be documents relevant to users’ needs buried deep down in the returned set. Secondly, the skimming of the surface of the returned set gives inadequate feedback to meaningfully help users’ judgment about the query performance.
The breakdown of user-system communication is especially severe in search situations where users are searching for unfamiliar topics or only have vague information needs. Without timely feedback from the system, users are unlikely to be able to interact effectively with the system, and refine their searches.
To address the communication breakdown, an interface was created for PubMed search that utilizes MeSH co-occurrence information to provide support for users’ query construction. The article reports the functionality of the interface and results of an experiment designed to assess its effectiveness. A novel approach was proposed to the evaluation of interactive information retrieval (IIR) systems such as ours. In the following sections we first elaborate on the functionality of the interface, followed by the research design and procedures, and conclude with the results of the quantitative analyses.
Query augmentation
To alleviate the mismatch of representational exhaustivity at the two ends of IR process, various techniques have been proposed to expand users’ queries, either automatically or interactively. An approach that has recently gained wide adoption is “metadata guided search”, which involves dynamically extracting metadata from the initial returned set for users to augment their queries (Hearst, Elliott, English, Sinha, Swearingen, and Yee, 2002; Lin, 1999; Pollitt, 1998). For literature searches in health sciences specifically, several attempts have been made to exploit term co-occurrence relationship for term suggestion purpose, with terms extracted either from a controlled vocabulary (Doms and Schroeder, 2005), or free-text in the article abstracts (Goetz and von der Lieth, 2005; Perez-Iratxeta, Bork, Andrade, 2001; Plikus, Zhang and Chuong, 2006).
Multi-faceted Access to PubMed
Our approach involves extracting faceted metadata to guide user exploration of the information space similar to that proposed in Hearst et al. (Hearst et al, 2002), with a few modifications made for the specific circumstances of PubMed search. An interface (MAP) was built that delivers the query submitted to PubMed and generates MeSH terms for users to refine their queries. For a massive database like PubMed, it become less feasible to adopt the browse and select method proposed in Hearst’s Flamenco system. Instead of relying solely on browsing, the proposed interface preserves the search mode of access while providing the browsable faceted category in support of searching.
At the implementation level, dynamically extracting metadata at search time could be problematic as the amount of computing time needed might cause a delay. Therefore instead of generating a term co-occurrence matrix on the fly during searching time from the search results, a database of term occurrence data was built beforehand. The term co-occurrence table can be updated regularly to better represent the conceptual relationships in the published literature. The database included descriptors from MeSH term, author and journal title fields extracted from all the PubMed bibliographic records in 2006 and 2007.
As the user submits her/his query though the MAP interface, the top two hundreds terms that co-occurs most frequently with the query term will be indentified and display for browsing. As users are likely to submit non-MeSH terms as their queries, users’ queries have to be first mapped to an appropriate MeSH term in the prebuilt database. This is done by utilizing PubMed’s automatic translation table function (See more on automatic term mapping in “PubMed Help” ). Thus as the user submit her/his query, proper MeSH terms interpreted by PubMed’s automatic translation table are also retrieved in order to identify terms co-occurring with the initial term from our local database. In cases where no MeSH term is returned by the translation table, another search mechanism will be activated where descriptors are extracted directly from the top two hundreds returned Medline records.
Two approaches to term display have been attempted, one simply ranks the terms without categorization (List); the other organizes the terms by the MeSH top-level categories (Faceted-category). Terms are ranked in both methods by their co-occurrence frequency multiplied by its inverse terms frequency.
An empirical study was conducted to investigate the usefulness of the faceted-category version of the interface. Specifically, we would like to know, firstly, how users with genuine information needs will interact with the proposed interface. Secondly, whether the MAP interface performs favorably, compared to the regular PubMed interface. Of particular interest is under what search situations will MAP be most effective.
Evaluation of IIR systems
The evaluation of an IIR (Interactive IR) system such as MAP poses a serious challenge to evaluation methodology. In traditional IR evaluation, other than the system components being compared, searchers, search topics, and their interaction effects with the systems are regularly treated as random variance the experimenters strive to systematically control and minimize. The “Laboratory Model” (Kekäläinen, and Jäärvelin, 2002) of evaluation is very efficient for comparing the effectiveness of algorithms. However, it becomes inadequate for today’s interactive systems whose effectiveness depends largely on active users’ engagement (Belkin et al. 2004). TREC interactive track signifies the early effort to include human subject into the modeling of IR performance (Dumais, and Belkin, 2005). The inclusion of the users in the loop, however, also increases the difficulty in evaluation experimental design and analysis. It has been shown in TREC interactive track data that “topic effect” accounts for the greatest variance in models that includes searchers, search topics, systems and their interactions. To make the main system effects comparable, replicated Latin square design has been adopted where all the treatment levels (i.e. different systems) have equal chance of been “crossed” by the same searchers and search topics. Yet the threat of topic-system interactions remains. In the non-interactive test environment, the issue of topic effects and topic-system interactions biasing the systems comparison has been addressed by averaging performance criteria over a sufficient number of topics (Lagergren and Over, 1998), which is unfeasible where human searchers are involved.
Another inherit constrain in the traditional IR evaluation paradigm is that the systems compared are conceptualized as general purposes tools, without considering for what kinds of search requests it might be more effective. Therefore the assigned tasks are created mostly in an ad hoc manner, without theorizing task characteristics and how these characteristics might interact with the system features.
To better understand how real users with real search requests might interact with MAP, and its effectiveness under different search situations, a novel approach to IIR evaluation was adopted in our study, most notably the sampling of real users’ genuine search requests. Instead of assigning the participants a uniform set of search requests, it was decided to allow the participants to conduct their own search requests in a controlled experimental setting. This was done for the following reasons: firstly, it was feared that, had we used pre-constructed requests, the participants would simply grab terms from the task narrative as query terms, which renders the interface, which is designed for facilitating query construction, less useful, if not entirely useless. Secondly, as pointed out earlier, one of our research questions is to look into the usefulness of the interface under different search situations. To do so using pre-constructed requests entails operationalizing search characteristics with topic narratives, which is difficult to pull through in a highly specialized domain such as health sciences without help from domain experts. Asking the participants to characterize their search requests with chosen attributes such as domain familiarity and whether it is a new or revisited search therefore affords us a rare opportunity to investigate the interactions between these attributes and interface on various performance criteria. Specifically, it hypothesized that, the MAP interface, because of the vocabulary support it provides, is more effective when the users are new to a research area and lack the necessary domain knowledge and terminology to conduct effective searches.
Research design
The decision to use real users searching for real information needs on real systems entails several thorny methodological issues that need to be addressed. First of all, without a set of predefined tasks we do not have the benefit of objective relevant judgment that serves as the benchmark
Table 1. Graphic representation of the experimental design
for traditional IR evaluations. Therefore it is important to come up with valid performance criteria other than recall and precision based on which system performance can be compared. Secondly, the use of real user requests poses further challenges to creating a research design capable of controlling the confounding factors.
In our design, participants were asked to search their requests with both interfaces (the regular PubMed interface and MAP), which makes it a repeated measure design where each request serves as its own control. The repeated measure has the advantage of reducing the error term thereby giving more power to the statistical test. However, it also comes with its own risks, most significantly carry-over effects that might confound the results. To control for possible carry-over effect, the requests were randomly assigned to alternate treatment order, so that any given request would have an equal chance of being searched first with either interface.
Table1 shows the eventual mixed factorial design adopted in this study with the interface as the within-subject factor and type of search requests as the between-subject factor. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the four groups in which they would search their own requests, first on either of the interface, then move on to the other (See Table1). Notice that the treatments for the same request were never received in immediate sequence; this is done so in the hope of further minimizing the carryover effect as the there was always a “wash-out” period between the two treatments to the same request.
It is recognized that, despite the alternation of the treatment order, carry-over effect might still persist as terms picked up from the preceding interface would wind up unduly advantaging the present one. The risk seems larger in group 3 and 4, when the MAP interface was used first, as the participants were likely to be exposed to more terms in these sessions. It is therefore crucial to instruct the participants to start their search with the same query and not to use terms they have learned from a previous session when the request was searched the second time.
Research procedures
A total of 44 regular PubMed/Medline users were recruited to participate in the study, all of whom were graduate students in health and biomedical sciences. They were told to prepare two search requests of their own prior to coming to the laboratory.
The research procedure was as follow: Upon their arrivals, the participants were asked to give consent for the study and fill out a brief entry questionnaire where data regarding their subject expertise, educational status and PubMed/Medline search experiences were collected. An online video tutorial was given to explain how to operate the interface.
Before the search for each request began, a pre-search questionnaire was first administered in which the participants were asked to write down a search statement for the quest they were about to search. They were also asked to provide what they believed to be the most ideal query for the request at this point. Scaled data were also elicited on the characteristics of the request such as their familiarity with the problem area, thoroughness needed for the request, whether the request has been searched before and so on.
As noted in the methodology session, each participant would search for two requests of their own alternately on two interfaces, resulting in four search sessions. As the search session began, the participants first input the original query they had given in the pre-search questionnaire and then were asked to retrieve ten useful records using the interface they were assigned in that particular session. After the initial input, they were allowed to revise their queries based on feedback from the interfaces and the search results. In other words, they were able to interact with the interfaces as they would normally do when conducting PubMed searches.
The participants were told they had 15 minutes for the task, but could stop whenever they had finished. After each session, they would again write down what they consider to be the best query terms at this time. They were then asked to evaluate the goodness of their pre-and post-search ideal queries on a 0-6 scale. This information allowed us to compare, for each search request, the participant’s perceived goodness of his/her query before and after interacting with either interface. Scaled data were also elicited on satisfaction with the results and perceived usefulness of the interface in post-search questionnaire. All their interactions with the interfaces were logged and recorded by screen capture software. Of particular interests are numbers of iterations, number of terms selected and number of records viewed, which should give us a clearer idea about how users might interact differently with different interfaces (See Table 2 for a summary of the research procedures).
Table 2. Research procedure
After both search sessions for the same request had finished, the participants were asked to indicate the degree of relevance of each of the 20 records (10 from each session) on a 0-6 scale and single out records they had seen before. This allowed us to compare the quality of the search results retrieved by the two interfaces. Other performance criteria collected in the post-questionnaire include users’ assessment of how well their requests were represented by their queries (“goodness” of the query), as well as their satisfaction with the search results. The participants were also asked to comment on the usefulness of the term suggestion function and in what search situations they thought the function might be helpful. In the following section the initial analysis of the results will be reported, as the qualitative analysis of the query formulations are still underway, the results reported here will mostly derived from quantitative measurements.
Results
Search characteristics
A total of 88 (44x2) search quests were sampled, which resulted in 176 search sessions as each search session was searched with both MAP and PubMed baseline. Among the 88 search quests, 60 of them were requests that had been searched by the participants before (revisited searches), 28 of them were searched for the first time (new searches). Sampling genuine search quests affords us an opportunity to examine the relationships among different characteristics of information needs and how they might impact on the effectiveness of the interface. Table3 shows the correlations among different attributes of the search requests. Not surprisingly, the original goodness of the query was found to be highly correlated with the participant’s familiarity with the search topic, which is also highly correlated with the completeness needed for the search.
Table 3. Search characteristics correlations (N=88)
** p<.01, *p<.05
Querying behaviors
As the interface was designed with a view to facilitating query reformulation, naturally we would like to see whether users’ querying behaviors differ between the two interfaces. Specifically, four measures were compared to help us get a better sense of how querying behaviors differ: number of terms added and deleted per session, number of query submissions, and the similarity between users’ original query and finalized query. The original-final queries similarity can be seen as an indication of the effect of the interfaces on users’ queries. The higher the similarity, the less users’ final queries diverge from the original. Jaccard’s coefficient was used as the similarity measure:
Where A stands for the set of terms in the original query and B stands for the set of terms in the finalized query. A paired-samples t-test was conducted to evaluate whether original-final queries similarity differ between two interfaces. The results indicated that mean similarity for PubMed (M =.54, SD =.31) was significantly greater than the mean similarity for MAP (M = .39, SD = .27), t (87) = 3.77, p <.001. In other words, when using MAP, users’ final queries diverge from their original queries to a significantly larger degree than when using PubMed baseline.
Significantly differences were also found between PubMed and MAP with respect to the number of terms added, t (88) = 4.03, p <.001; and deleted, t (87) = 2.06, p <.05 during user interactions, as well as number of terms in finalized query t (87) = 3.00, p <.005) (See Table 4).
The participants were also found to make more query submissions (i.e. each time the search button is clicked) when searching with MAP (M = 5.26, SD = 2.78) than with PubMed (M = 3.74, SD = 2.74), the difference is significant, t (87) = 20.81, p<.001. Despite great disparity in the numbers of search iterations, an equivalent amount of records were viewed between the two interfaces, which was measured by summing up the number of surrogate records contained in the results pages (20 surrogate records per page) brought up by the user during a search session. This indicates to us that, on average, fewer records were viewed per submission when MAP was used.
Table 4. Comparison of querying behaviors
Search performance
A one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to determine the effect of the two interfaces (PubMed baseline vs. MAP) on the four performance criteria variables: perceived usefulness, self-assessed goodness of the query, average relevance score of the ten records saved, and user satisfaction with the results. Significant differences were found between the interfaces on the performance measures, Wilk’ Λ = .92 F(4 , 167) = 3.79, p<.01.
As the MANOVA test was shown to be significant, individual ANOVAs were then conducted. In the following we report the results of factorial ANOVA that test for the effects of two factors, namely, the interfaces and the types of search requests, on the aforementioned performance criteria. Here search requests were classified by whether it was a new or revisited search. This is based on our hypothesis that the experimental interface is more effective for users who are new to a research area.
The mean and standard deviations for participants’ assessment of the goodness of queries as a function of two factors are presented in Table 6. The MAP interface was shown to do significantly better in terms of the final “goodness” of the query, F(1,86) = 7.88, p=.006), especially in cases where the requests have not been searched before by the participants (See Table 5).
Table 5. “Goodness” of final query (n=88)
A similar pattern manifests itself with respect to the usefulness of the interface, F(1,86) = 13.13, p <.001. The MAP interface did better, and especially so when new searches were attempted (Table 6).
Table 6. Usefulness of interface (n= 88)
In terms of average relevance scores, MAP was found to be only a slightly better than PubMed baseline in both new and revisited searches (See Table 7), though the difference is not significant, F(1,86) = 2.38, p=.126 The type of searches, however, has a slightly stronger impact on the quality of search results, F(1,86) = 3.84, p=.053. Revisited searches produced better search results than new searches.
Table 7. Average relevance scores (n=88)
Similarly a 2x2 ANOVA was conducted to evaluate the effect of the interfaces and users’ previous topic search experiences on their satisfaction with search results. The results of the ANOVA test indicated a non-significant effect for interfaces F(1,82) = 1.82, p = .18, and a non-significant effect for search types, F(1,82) =.61., p=.44. In order to further investigate whether there was an interaction effect between interfaces and types of searches, we chose to ignore the method main effect and instead examined the method simple main effects, that is, the differences between interfaces for new and revisited searches, separately. There were no significant differences in users’ satisfaction with the results between interfaces for revisited searches F(1,116) = .75, p =.39, but there was a significant difference between the two for new searches, F(1,52) = 5.71, p = .021, which indicates that MAP did better in this regard only when a new search was attempted.
Table 8. Satisfaction with results (n=84)
Users’ satisfaction with terms suggested by MAP was also slightly higher in requests that have not been searched before (Table 9), though the difference is not significant.
Table 9. Satisfaction with suggested terms (n= 88)
The analyses that have been done so far seem to suggest that MAP was beneficial to users’ searches, particularly when the searches had not been attempted before. The remaining question is: in what aspect does it help users’ search? In the post-questionnaire, the participants were asked specifically about their perception of MAP with several Likert scale (0-6) type questions. They were asked, if the MAP interface helps their search at all, in what aspect does it help: 1. it helps me generate new ideas and concepts for future research, 2. it helps me clarify my search questions, 3. it helps by showing the structure of the literature in the database, and 4. it helps me manage the enormous amount of search results. ANOVA tests were conducted to evaluate whether the participants’ answers differed significantly between old and new searches. Among the four dimensions, only one significant difference, “help me generate new concepts”, was found between new and revisited searches (Table 10).
Table 10. Help generate new concepts (n= 88)
Types of query reformulation
Detailed analysis of the characteristics of added and deleted terms during user interactions are currently underway and reserved for a future discussion. The analysis focuses on how the expanded terms are related to the users’ original query. Here we present a few examples showing how the initial-expanded terms relationships will be categorized. Our current coding scheme largely concerns two relationship categories: terms semantically related to the initial terms, and terms that represent new ideas not included in the initial queries. Semantically related terms are arraigned in either a hierarchical (i.e. broader or narrow terms) or synonymous relationship with the initial terms. (See Table11). For example, in the search conducted by subject #19 with “tolerance of morphine dosage’ as the original query, the added MeSH terms “pain” and “treatment outcome” were coded as new ideas generated by MAP, as they do not have a clear hierarchical or synonymous relationship with terms in the original query. Another example of new ideas generated can be found in the session conducted by subject #24 with MAP, two new MeSH terms: “environment exposure” and “flame retardants” were added in the final query. An instance of hierarchical relationship can be found in the search conducted by subject #48 with the original query “cartilage repair AND tissue engineering”. Two MeSH terms were added during user interaction with MAP: “articular cartilage”, “biomaterials”. “Articular cartilage” was identified as a narrow term for the initial term “cartilage”, and “biomaterials” was a broader term for “tissue engineering”. For the same search request, another term, “osteoarthritis”, was added in the session with PubMed, which was coded as a new concept. With the categorization of term relationships, we will be able to examine the distribution of the aforementioned relationships in MAP vs. PubMed, and new vs. revisited search, which should help us infer whether and how the two factors: interfaces and previous search experiences, might influence the characteristics of expanded terms.
Table 11. Original-expanded terms relationships
Acknowledgements
References
Bates, M. J. (1989). The Design of Browsing and Berrypicking Techniques for the Online Search Interface. Online Review. 13 (5), 407-424.
Belkin, N. J. (1980). Anomalous states of knowledge as a basis for information retrieval. Canadian Journal of Information Science, 5(1980), 133-143.
Borlund, P. (2000). Experimental components for the evaluation for interactive information retrieval systems. Journal of Documentation, 56(1), 71-90.
Doms, A., and Schroeder, M. (2005). GoPubMed: exploring PubMed with the Gene Ontology. Nucleic Acids Research. 33 (Web Server issue), 783-786.
Dumais, S. T. and Belkin, N. J. (2005). The TREC interactive tracks: Putting the user into search. In E. M. V. D. K. Harman (Ed.), TREC: Experiment and evaluation in information retrieval, 123-153. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Efthimiadis, E. N. (2000). Interactive query expansion: A user-based evaluation in a relevance feedback environment. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 51(11), 989-1003.
Goetz T, and von der Lieth CW. (2005). PubFinder: a tool for improving retrieval rate of relevant PubMed abstracts. Nucleic Acids Research. 33 (Web Server issue), 774-778.
Hearst, M., Elliott, A., English, J., Sinha, R., Swearingen, K., and Yee, K.-P. (2002). The Consumer Side of Search - Finding the Flow in Web Site Search. Communications of the ACM. 45 (9), 42.
Hersh, W., Turpin, A., Price, S., Kraemer, D., Chan, B., Sacherek, L., et al. (2000). Do Batch and User Evaluations Give the Same Results? An Analysis from the TREC-8 Interactive Track. NIST Special Publication. (500), 531-540.
Jansen, B. J., Spink, A., and Saracevic, T. (2000). Real Life, Real Users, and Real Needs: A Study and Analysis of User Queries on the Web. Information Processing and Management. 36 (2), 207-227.
Joho, H., and Jose, J. M. (2006). Slicing and dicing the information space using local contexts. In IIiX: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Information interaction in context , (pp. 66-74). New York, NY, USA: ACM Press.
Kekäläinen, J., and Jäärvelin, K. (2002). Evaluating information retrieval systems under the challenges of interaction and multidimensional dynamic relevance. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the CoLIS 4 Conference, Greenwood Village, Colo.
Lagergren, E., and Over, P. (1998). Comparing interactive information retrieval systems across sites: the TREC-6 interactive track matrix experiment. Paper presented at The 21st Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Melbourne, Australia.
Lin, X. (1999). Visual MeSH. Paper presented at The 22nd International Conferences on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Berkeley, CA.
Plikus, M., Zhang, Z., and Chuong, C. -M. (2006). PubFocus: semantic MEDLINE/PubMed citations analytics through integration of controlled biomedical dictionaries and ranking algorithm. BMC Bioinformatics, 7(1), 424.
Perez-Iratxeta C, Bork. P., Andrade, M. A. (2001). XplorMed: a tool for exploring MEDLINE abstracts. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 26(9), 573-575.
Pollitt, A. S. (1998). The key role of classification and indexing in view-based searching. International cataloguing and bibliographic control, 27(2), 37-40.
Qu, Y., and Furnas, G. W. (2008). Model-driven formative evaluation of exploratory search: A study under a sensemaking framework. Information Processing and Management. , 44 (2), 534-555.
Robertson, S. E., and Hancock-Beaulieu, M. M. (1992). On the Evaluation of IR Systems. Information Processing and Management. 28 (4), 457-66.
Shiri, A., and Revie, C. (2006). Query Expansion Behavior Within a Thesaurus-Enhanced Search Environment: A User-Centered Evaluation. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 57 (4), 462-478.
Tang, M.-C. (2007). Browsing and searching in a faceted information space: a naturalistic study of PubMed Users' interaction with a display tool. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 58(13), p.1998-2006.
Taylor, R. S. (1968). Question-negotiation and information seeking in libraries. College and Research Libraries, 29(3), 178-194.
Vakkari, P. (2003). Task-based information searching. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology 2003, vol. 37 (B. Cronin, Ed.) Information Today: Medford, NJ, 2002, 413-464.
White, R. W., Muresan, G., and Marchionini, G. (2006). Report on ACM SIGIR 2006 workshop on evaluating exploratory search system. ACM SIGIR Forum, 40(2).
White, R. W., Drucker, S., Kules, B. and Schraefel, m. c. (2006). Supporting exploratory search. Communications of the ACM (Special Section), 49(4), 36-39.
White, R. W., Ruthven, I., and Jose, J. M. (2005). A study of factors affecting the utility of implicit relevance feedback. In Proceedings of the 28th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval (pp.35-42). Salvador, Brazil: ACM.
Appendix
Appendix I: Screenshot of MAP
Footnotes
1. The interface can be accessed at http://morris.lis.ntu.edu.tw/map/new/medlineFre2.php
See Appendix I for a screenshot of the interface
2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=helpPubMed.chapter.PubMedhelp
2010년 9월 8일 수요일
[article]Facet analysis by Kathryn La Barre
ARIST vol.44: 243-284.
overview
Facet theory: Language and Definition
Primer for Facet Analysis and Faceted Classification
Heritage of Facet Analysis
Facets or Facet-Like Stuctures in Cognate Areas
Appendix 1: Glossary of Terms
Appendix 2: Canonical Literature
overview
Facet theory: Language and Definition
Primer for Facet Analysis and Faceted Classification
Heritage of Facet Analysis
Facets or Facet-Like Stuctures in Cognate Areas
Appendix 1: Glossary of Terms
Appendix 2: Canonical Literature
2010년 9월 7일 화요일
[journal]Journal of Research on Libraries and Young Adults
[from jESSE]
The Journal of Research on Libraries and Young Adults is an online
open access peer reviewed journal (http://www.yalsa.ala.org/jrlya)
launching November 2010. The purpose of Journal of Research on
Libraries and Young Adults is to enhance the development of theory,
research, and practices to support young adult library services.
Journal of Research on Libraries and Young Adults promotes and
publishes high quality original research concerning the informational
and developmental needs of young adults; the management,
implementation, and evaluation of library services for young adults;
and other critical issues relevant to librarians who work with young
adults. The journal also includes literary and cultural analysis of
classic and contemporary writing for young adults.
Journal of Research on Libraries and Young Adults invites manuscripts
based on original qualitative or quantitative research, an innovative
conceptual framework, or a substantial literature review that opens
new areas of inquiry and investigation. Case studies and works of
literary analysis are also welcome. The journal recognizes the
contributions other disciplines make to expanding and enriching
theory, research and practice in young adult library services and
encourages submissions from researchers and practitioners in all
fields.
The Journal of Research on Libraries and Young Adults uses the Chicago
Manual of style endnotes. For complete author guidelines including
examples citations, please visit the author guidelines website at,
http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/yalsa/yalsapubs/research/authorguidelines.cfm.
While submissions average 4,000 to 7,000 words, manuscripts of all
lengths will be considered. Full color images, photos, and other
media are all accepted.
Submissions
Please contact editor Jessica Moyer at yalsaresearch@gmail.com or
jessicaemilymoyer@gmail.com to discuss submissions and/or author
guidelines. All completed manuscripts should be submitted as email
attachments to Jessica Moyer at yalsaresearch@gmail.com or
jessicaemilymoyer@gmail.com as email attachments. Please attach each
figure or graphic as a separate file.
The first issue of the Journal of Research on Libraries and Young
Adults will be available online at http://www.yalsa.ala.org/jrlya/
Monday November 1, 2010 and will feature the papers that will be
presented at the 2010 YALSA Symposium on Young Adult Literature.
Manuscripts are currently being accepted for the Winter 2011 and
Spring 2011 issues.
Jessica E. Moyer, M.S., C.A.S.
Doctoral Candidate, Literacy Education, College of Education and Human
Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Doctoral Dissertation Fellow, 2010-2011 University of Minnesota
Member Editor, Journal of Research on Libraries and Young Adults,
yalsaresearch@gmail.com
Email: jessicaemilymoyer@gmail.com, http://jessicaemilymoyer.pbworks.com/
The Journal of Research on Libraries and Young Adults is an online
open access peer reviewed journal (http://www.yalsa.ala.org/jrlya)
launching November 2010. The purpose of Journal of Research on
Libraries and Young Adults is to enhance the development of theory,
research, and practices to support young adult library services.
Journal of Research on Libraries and Young Adults promotes and
publishes high quality original research concerning the informational
and developmental needs of young adults; the management,
implementation, and evaluation of library services for young adults;
and other critical issues relevant to librarians who work with young
adults. The journal also includes literary and cultural analysis of
classic and contemporary writing for young adults.
Journal of Research on Libraries and Young Adults invites manuscripts
based on original qualitative or quantitative research, an innovative
conceptual framework, or a substantial literature review that opens
new areas of inquiry and investigation. Case studies and works of
literary analysis are also welcome. The journal recognizes the
contributions other disciplines make to expanding and enriching
theory, research and practice in young adult library services and
encourages submissions from researchers and practitioners in all
fields.
The Journal of Research on Libraries and Young Adults uses the Chicago
Manual of style endnotes. For complete author guidelines including
examples citations, please visit the author guidelines website at,
http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/yalsa/yalsapubs/research/authorguidelines.cfm.
While submissions average 4,000 to 7,000 words, manuscripts of all
lengths will be considered. Full color images, photos, and other
media are all accepted.
Submissions
Please contact editor Jessica Moyer at yalsaresearch@gmail.com or
jessicaemilymoyer@gmail.com to discuss submissions and/or author
guidelines. All completed manuscripts should be submitted as email
attachments to Jessica Moyer at yalsaresearch@gmail.com or
jessicaemilymoyer@gmail.com as email attachments. Please attach each
figure or graphic as a separate file.
The first issue of the Journal of Research on Libraries and Young
Adults will be available online at http://www.yalsa.ala.org/jrlya/
Monday November 1, 2010 and will feature the papers that will be
presented at the 2010 YALSA Symposium on Young Adult Literature.
Manuscripts are currently being accepted for the Winter 2011 and
Spring 2011 issues.
Jessica E. Moyer, M.S., C.A.S.
Doctoral Candidate, Literacy Education, College of Education and Human
Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Doctoral Dissertation Fellow, 2010-2011 University of Minnesota
Member Editor, Journal of Research on Libraries and Young Adults,
yalsaresearch@gmail.com
Email: jessicaemilymoyer@gmail.com, http://jessicaemilymoyer.pbworks.com/
2010년 8월 15일 일요일
[Book]The power to name: locating the limits of subject representation in libraries
H.A. Olson (Author)
Hardcover: 276 pages
Publisher: Springer; 1 edition (June 30, 2002)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 1402007760
ISBN-13: 978-1402007767
chapter 4. The authority to name
이 장에서 pp.146-147에서 Olson은 시소러스 관계인 BT에 대해 다음과 같이 언급했다.
1. Broader terms do not normally appear to library users in the public catalogue according to the concept of specific entry introduced by Cutter in his Rules. (p. 146)
2. broader terms in the standard itself (the arthority records) inform the cataloguer of the intended context of a particular heading. (p. 147)
즉, 커터의 원칙에 따르면 자료의 개념을 가장 상세하게 나타내주는 용어가 색인어가 되고,
BT관계의 용어는 맥락정보를 제공해준다.
그리고 NT는 더욱 상세한 개념을 나타내주며, SA (See Also) 참조에 대한 설명도 하고 있다.
- (General see also references are...) usually refer to groups of more specific headings or they allow subdivision of other headings to make them more spdcific. (p. 147)
Hardcover: 276 pages
Publisher: Springer; 1 edition (June 30, 2002)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 1402007760
ISBN-13: 978-1402007767
chapter 4. The authority to name
이 장에서 pp.146-147에서 Olson은 시소러스 관계인 BT에 대해 다음과 같이 언급했다.
1. Broader terms do not normally appear to library users in the public catalogue according to the concept of specific entry introduced by Cutter in his Rules. (p. 146)
2. broader terms in the standard itself (the arthority records) inform the cataloguer of the intended context of a particular heading. (p. 147)
즉, 커터의 원칙에 따르면 자료의 개념을 가장 상세하게 나타내주는 용어가 색인어가 되고,
BT관계의 용어는 맥락정보를 제공해준다.
그리고 NT는 더욱 상세한 개념을 나타내주며, SA (See Also) 참조에 대한 설명도 하고 있다.
- (General see also references are...) usually refer to groups of more specific headings or they allow subdivision of other headings to make them more spdcific. (p. 147)
2010년 8월 13일 금요일
[Dissertation]A Study on Developing a Faceted Classification Scheme Integrated with a Thesaurus for Literature
Yonsei University, Dept. of Library and Information Science
Dissertation “A Study on Developing a Faceted Classification Scheme Integrated with a Thesaurus for Literature”
Adviser Taesoo Kim [Link]
ABSTARCT
The purpose of this study is to develop a faceted classification scheme with a thesaurus (FCT) to more effectively organize documents by subject matter than a legacy classification scheme, namely, the Korean Decimal Classification (KDC). For achieving this purpose, the requirements of the new scheme are as follows:
1) improving the subject representation power of a classification scheme to effectively represent multidimensional subjects, such as compound and complex subjects
2) representing the characteristics of division applied to the classification scheme
3) specifying the conceptual level of the classification scheme to be suitable for various information resources
In Facet analysis, knowledge structure is analyzed into a multidimensional aspect called a “facet” that provided a device to represent subjects in a logical and detailed method through a facet and phase relation. Furthermore, by linking a thesaurus to the classification scheme, it was possible to share facets and expand the conceptual level of headings through the thesaurus descriptors.
The KDC is selected as the base scheme for developing the FCT and the National Library Subject Headings (NLSH) is used for the linked thesaurus. The scope of the classification scheme is literature because that particular field of study was suitable for applying the facet analysis and link with a thesaurus, but it is not properly treated in the enumerative classification scheme, KDC. Mixed notation is used instead of pure notation to improve the representative power of the classification number for the arrangement and display of the information materials, as well as expanding the search terms during information retrieval.
As a result, the FCT includes a classification rule, facets, a chain index, and a linked thesaurus. The classification rule provides usage of notation system for representing the comprehensive structure of the FCT and subject relations. In addition, six facets, including discipline, language, place, period, person, and form facet, were derived for literature classification and each facet has its own facet indicator and symbol. The features of the new classification scheme are as follows:
1) It is possible to represent compound subjects more clearly through facet relation and to represent complex subjects that can not be expressed in the KDC through phase relation.
2) It is possible to change citation order and transform the structure of a classification scheme or browsing method, unlike the rigidly structured hierarchy in the KDC.
3) It is possible to synthesize the class number without determining the main class because disciplines are treated as a facet (not a basic class), and it is simple to add new classification numbers to the FCT.
4) Mnemonics is improved using facet indicator, facet symbol, relation indicator separately unlike KDC that has no indicator except ‘0’.
5) It is possible to treat an ambiguous subject that is difficult to handle as a facet or phase relation by using subject device.
6) The chain index and thesaurus descriptors linked with facets are provided instead of the relative index in the KDC.
The FCT is limited in that it is developed only for the field of literature and has a complicated notational system. However, the basic framework, such as facet analysis, thesaurus linking, and classification rules, can be applied to other areas, too. Additionally, although the notational system can initially be considered a bit complicated, its representational power is more important than simplicity because this is a criterion for the intellectual and physical arrangement and relative position of the materials. Furthermore, users recognize the subjects of documents through the terms, not the notation, and use a document subject itself, rather than the number, in the search results.
In the future, the proposed classification scheme needs to be applied to additional areas of study and modified according to the results. A follow-up action for developing the classification scheme management system is also desirable.
Key Words : classification scheme, Colon Classification(CC), facet analysis, facet relationship, Korean Decimal Classification(KDC), National Library Subject Headings(NLSH), phase relationship, subject headings, thesaurus
Dissertation “A Study on Developing a Faceted Classification Scheme Integrated with a Thesaurus for Literature”
Adviser Taesoo Kim [Link]
ABSTARCT
The purpose of this study is to develop a faceted classification scheme with a thesaurus (FCT) to more effectively organize documents by subject matter than a legacy classification scheme, namely, the Korean Decimal Classification (KDC). For achieving this purpose, the requirements of the new scheme are as follows:
1) improving the subject representation power of a classification scheme to effectively represent multidimensional subjects, such as compound and complex subjects
2) representing the characteristics of division applied to the classification scheme
3) specifying the conceptual level of the classification scheme to be suitable for various information resources
In Facet analysis, knowledge structure is analyzed into a multidimensional aspect called a “facet” that provided a device to represent subjects in a logical and detailed method through a facet and phase relation. Furthermore, by linking a thesaurus to the classification scheme, it was possible to share facets and expand the conceptual level of headings through the thesaurus descriptors.
The KDC is selected as the base scheme for developing the FCT and the National Library Subject Headings (NLSH) is used for the linked thesaurus. The scope of the classification scheme is literature because that particular field of study was suitable for applying the facet analysis and link with a thesaurus, but it is not properly treated in the enumerative classification scheme, KDC. Mixed notation is used instead of pure notation to improve the representative power of the classification number for the arrangement and display of the information materials, as well as expanding the search terms during information retrieval.
As a result, the FCT includes a classification rule, facets, a chain index, and a linked thesaurus. The classification rule provides usage of notation system for representing the comprehensive structure of the FCT and subject relations. In addition, six facets, including discipline, language, place, period, person, and form facet, were derived for literature classification and each facet has its own facet indicator and symbol. The features of the new classification scheme are as follows:
1) It is possible to represent compound subjects more clearly through facet relation and to represent complex subjects that can not be expressed in the KDC through phase relation.
2) It is possible to change citation order and transform the structure of a classification scheme or browsing method, unlike the rigidly structured hierarchy in the KDC.
3) It is possible to synthesize the class number without determining the main class because disciplines are treated as a facet (not a basic class), and it is simple to add new classification numbers to the FCT.
4) Mnemonics is improved using facet indicator, facet symbol, relation indicator separately unlike KDC that has no indicator except ‘0’.
5) It is possible to treat an ambiguous subject that is difficult to handle as a facet or phase relation by using subject device.
6) The chain index and thesaurus descriptors linked with facets are provided instead of the relative index in the KDC.
The FCT is limited in that it is developed only for the field of literature and has a complicated notational system. However, the basic framework, such as facet analysis, thesaurus linking, and classification rules, can be applied to other areas, too. Additionally, although the notational system can initially be considered a bit complicated, its representational power is more important than simplicity because this is a criterion for the intellectual and physical arrangement and relative position of the materials. Furthermore, users recognize the subjects of documents through the terms, not the notation, and use a document subject itself, rather than the number, in the search results.
In the future, the proposed classification scheme needs to be applied to additional areas of study and modified according to the results. A follow-up action for developing the classification scheme management system is also desirable.
Key Words : classification scheme, Colon Classification(CC), facet analysis, facet relationship, Korean Decimal Classification(KDC), National Library Subject Headings(NLSH), phase relationship, subject headings, thesaurus
[Thesis]An Experimental Study on the Construction of Multidimensional
[Thesis] fulltext in PDF (Yonsei Library) => Click here!
제목: 다차원 시소러스 구축에 관한 실험적 연구[Online]
책임표시: 박지영
발행처: 연세대학교 대학원
발행년: 2004
형태사항: PDF file
저자: 박지영
다른서명: An Experimental Study on the Construction of Multidimensional Thesaurus
학위논문주기: 학위논문(석사)- 연세대학교 대학원 :문헌정보학과, 2004.08
지도교수: 김태수
ABSTRACT
A concept has its own position within the concept system. When we construct a thesaurus, therefore, it is necessary to analyze the concepts and generalize their characteristics so that each concept can find its own position within the concept system. However, the concept has multiple characteristics and the concept system also varies according to the characteristics that determine the concepts. For this reason, if we base the concept system on only one of the characteristics, the concept relations within the thesaurus can be biased toward a certain view and the interoperability of the thesaurus also becomes weak.
To solve this problem, this thesis attempts to construct a thesaurus that enables the multi-dimensionality of the concept and various concept systems efficiently. The subject field of this thesaurus is zymurgy, specifically beer brewage, since brewing words are so concrete that they can be analyzed more precisely within their characteristics. The construction methods are as follows:
First, beer terminology was collected from beer dictionaries and beer style
guides and normalized into a controlled vocabulary. The definitions in the
information resources provided the characteristics of the beer terminology.
Second, the concept was analyzed for conceptual modeling, according to the
international standard(ISO 704: 2000(E)).
Third, analyzed characteristics were categorized into the basic categories,
facets, and isolated by colon classification.
Fourth, a terminological database was constructed using SQL Server 2000
and characteristics were manipulated in order to sort and represent the
conceptual relationships.
The characteristics of this thesaurus are as follows:
First, we can verify the relationships of the terms based on essential and
delimiting characteristics by clarifying the term-concept multiple relationships
and controlling the forms of the terms and characteristics.
Second, we can assign the concepts to various categories according to their
characteristics. This enables us to construct a multidimensional concept system
and reduce the confusion within the complex conceptual relationships.
Third, we can identify the inherited characteristics of the concept with a
range of terms, from broad to narrow. Therefore, it is possible to extract the
proper broad and narrow terms among many related terms according to the
perspective of the thesaurus user.
Lastly, we can transform the representation of the concept system
according to the purposes or needs of the thesaurus user. By sorting or
categorizing the characteristics in the terminology database with various
criteria, we can dynamically show the hierarchical structures and conceptual
relationships.
As seen in the above results, this study suggests that it is possible to
enhance the interoperability and usability of the thesaurus by changing the
facet citation order and showing multidimensional conceptual relationships. To
use this thesaurus practically, we should identify the essential characteristics of
the concept with more clarity. Moreover, it is necessary to precisely deal with
the phase relationships as well as facet relationships.
Key words : multidimensional thesaurus, subject indexing, knowledge
organization, facet analysis, terminology
제목: 다차원 시소러스 구축에 관한 실험적 연구[Online]
책임표시: 박지영
발행처: 연세대학교 대학원
발행년: 2004
형태사항: PDF file
저자: 박지영
다른서명: An Experimental Study on the Construction of Multidimensional Thesaurus
학위논문주기: 학위논문(석사)- 연세대학교 대학원 :문헌정보학과, 2004.08
지도교수: 김태수
ABSTRACT
A concept has its own position within the concept system. When we construct a thesaurus, therefore, it is necessary to analyze the concepts and generalize their characteristics so that each concept can find its own position within the concept system. However, the concept has multiple characteristics and the concept system also varies according to the characteristics that determine the concepts. For this reason, if we base the concept system on only one of the characteristics, the concept relations within the thesaurus can be biased toward a certain view and the interoperability of the thesaurus also becomes weak.
To solve this problem, this thesis attempts to construct a thesaurus that enables the multi-dimensionality of the concept and various concept systems efficiently. The subject field of this thesaurus is zymurgy, specifically beer brewage, since brewing words are so concrete that they can be analyzed more precisely within their characteristics. The construction methods are as follows:
First, beer terminology was collected from beer dictionaries and beer style
guides and normalized into a controlled vocabulary. The definitions in the
information resources provided the characteristics of the beer terminology.
Second, the concept was analyzed for conceptual modeling, according to the
international standard(ISO 704: 2000(E)).
Third, analyzed characteristics were categorized into the basic categories,
facets, and isolated by colon classification.
Fourth, a terminological database was constructed using SQL Server 2000
and characteristics were manipulated in order to sort and represent the
conceptual relationships.
The characteristics of this thesaurus are as follows:
First, we can verify the relationships of the terms based on essential and
delimiting characteristics by clarifying the term-concept multiple relationships
and controlling the forms of the terms and characteristics.
Second, we can assign the concepts to various categories according to their
characteristics. This enables us to construct a multidimensional concept system
and reduce the confusion within the complex conceptual relationships.
Third, we can identify the inherited characteristics of the concept with a
range of terms, from broad to narrow. Therefore, it is possible to extract the
proper broad and narrow terms among many related terms according to the
perspective of the thesaurus user.
Lastly, we can transform the representation of the concept system
according to the purposes or needs of the thesaurus user. By sorting or
categorizing the characteristics in the terminology database with various
criteria, we can dynamically show the hierarchical structures and conceptual
relationships.
As seen in the above results, this study suggests that it is possible to
enhance the interoperability and usability of the thesaurus by changing the
facet citation order and showing multidimensional conceptual relationships. To
use this thesaurus practically, we should identify the essential characteristics of
the concept with more clarity. Moreover, it is necessary to precisely deal with
the phase relationships as well as facet relationships.
Key words : multidimensional thesaurus, subject indexing, knowledge
organization, facet analysis, terminology
[Article]Extended Bibliographic Relationships in "Resource Description and Access"
Journal of Knowledge Processing and Management, 8(1/2)
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to analyse guidelines for the description of related materials in Resource Description and Access (RDA) and to compare them with the bibliographic relationships and field definitions in the Anglo American Cataloging Rule, 2nd Edition, Revised (AACR2R) and the Machine Readable Cataloging (MACR21). Seven types of relationships are proposed (primary, equivalence, derivative, descriptive, whole-part, accompanying, and sequential) based on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR). RDA provides detailed relationships more clearly than AACR2R or MARC21.
keywords : Related Materials, bibliographic relationships, Resource Description and Access(RDA), Primary relationships, Equivalence relationships, Derivative relationships, Descriptive relationships, Whole-part relationships, Accompanying relationships, Sequential relationships , Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records(FRBR)
<지식처리연구 제8권 1/2호(2007.12)>
서지관계 유형의 확장: RDA
박 지 영 연세대학교 문헌정보학과 박사과정
김 태 수 연세대학교 문헌정보학과 교수
초 록본 연구에서는 현재 개발 중인 목록규칙(자원 기술 및 접근, RDA)에서 제시한 관련 자원의 유형과 기술 방식을 기존 목록규칙인 AACR2R과 이를 기반으로 한 인코딩 표준인 MARC21에 나타난 서지관계와 비교하였다. RDA에서 제시한 관련 자원 유형으로는 1차관계, 대등관계, 파생관계, 기술관계, 전체-부분관계, 딸림관계, 전후관계가 있었으며, 각 관계유형은 FRBR 개념 모형을 기반으로 하고 있었다. 따라서 RDA는 관련자원의 관계를 분명하게 기술하지 않거나, 계층관계, 대등관계, 순차관계 3가지로 단순하게 제시하는 기존의 표준보다 더욱 상세하고 명확한 방식으로 관련 자원간의 관계를 제공하고 있음을 확인하였다.
핵심되는 말 : 서지관계, 자원 기술 및 접근(RDA), 목록규칙, 1차관계, 대등관계, 파생관계, 기술관계, 전체-부분관계, 딸림관계, 전후관계
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to analyse guidelines for the description of related materials in Resource Description and Access (RDA) and to compare them with the bibliographic relationships and field definitions in the Anglo American Cataloging Rule, 2nd Edition, Revised (AACR2R) and the Machine Readable Cataloging (MACR21). Seven types of relationships are proposed (primary, equivalence, derivative, descriptive, whole-part, accompanying, and sequential) based on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR). RDA provides detailed relationships more clearly than AACR2R or MARC21.
keywords : Related Materials, bibliographic relationships, Resource Description and Access(RDA), Primary relationships, Equivalence relationships, Derivative relationships, Descriptive relationships, Whole-part relationships, Accompanying relationships, Sequential relationships , Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records(FRBR)
<지식처리연구 제8권 1/2호(2007.12)>
서지관계 유형의 확장: RDA
박 지 영 연세대학교 문헌정보학과 박사과정
김 태 수 연세대학교 문헌정보학과 교수
초 록본 연구에서는 현재 개발 중인 목록규칙(자원 기술 및 접근, RDA)에서 제시한 관련 자원의 유형과 기술 방식을 기존 목록규칙인 AACR2R과 이를 기반으로 한 인코딩 표준인 MARC21에 나타난 서지관계와 비교하였다. RDA에서 제시한 관련 자원 유형으로는 1차관계, 대등관계, 파생관계, 기술관계, 전체-부분관계, 딸림관계, 전후관계가 있었으며, 각 관계유형은 FRBR 개념 모형을 기반으로 하고 있었다. 따라서 RDA는 관련자원의 관계를 분명하게 기술하지 않거나, 계층관계, 대등관계, 순차관계 3가지로 단순하게 제시하는 기존의 표준보다 더욱 상세하고 명확한 방식으로 관련 자원간의 관계를 제공하고 있음을 확인하였다.
핵심되는 말 : 서지관계, 자원 기술 및 접근(RDA), 목록규칙, 1차관계, 대등관계, 파생관계, 기술관계, 전체-부분관계, 딸림관계, 전후관계
[Article]Implementation of EAD 2002 for 4.19 Collection
Journal of Knowledge Processing and Management, 8(1/2)
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to implement the Encoded Archival Description (EAD 2002) for the Collection of 4.19 Revolution (4.19 Collection). Characteristics and case studies are analyzed in terms of EAD 2002’s design. The 4.19 collection is also analyzed in terms of its metadata structure and elements. Archival descriptions for record groups and series were added because the legacy data of the
Yonsei Archives have no upper-level descriptions. The EAD 2002 document for the 4.19 collection was implemented with xml authoring tool 9.1 based on the EAD 2002 schema. The finding aids constructed with EAD 2002 are suitable for management and exchanges of description metadata.
keyword : Encoded Archival Description(EAD), EAD Schema, archival description,encoding standard, 4.19 Revolution Collection
<지식처리연구 제8권 1/2호(2007.12).>
EAD를 이용한 기록정보의 기술 및 활용
-4월 혁명 연구반 컬렉션을 중심으로-
박 지 영 연세대학교 문헌정보학과 박사과정
김 태 수 연세대학교 문헌정보학과 교수
초 록
본 연구에서는 EAD 2002의 특징 및 이와 관련된 연구와 사례를 살펴보고, 이를 연세대학교 기록보
존소에 소장된 4.19 혁명 연구반 컬렉션(4.19 컬렉션)을 대상으로 적용시켰다는 점에서 의의를 갖는
다. 4.19 컬렉션을 분석하여 기술요소를 작성하고 이를
에 기반을 둔 EAD에 맞게 재구성하였다. 그 결과 XML 포맷으로 재구성한 4.19 컬렉션에 대한 탐색보
조도구는 기술(descriptive) 정보 관리 및 정보의 이용과 교환에 활용할 수 있었다.
핵심되는 말 : EAD 2002, EAD 스키마, 기록물 기술, 인코딩 표준, 4.19 컬렉션
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to implement the Encoded Archival Description (EAD 2002) for the Collection of 4.19 Revolution (4.19 Collection). Characteristics and case studies are analyzed in terms of EAD 2002’s design. The 4.19 collection is also analyzed in terms of its metadata structure and elements. Archival descriptions for record groups and series were added because the legacy data of the
Yonsei Archives have no upper-level descriptions. The EAD 2002 document for the 4.19 collection was implemented with xml authoring tool 9.1 based on the EAD 2002 schema. The finding aids constructed with EAD 2002 are suitable for management and exchanges of description metadata.
keyword : Encoded Archival Description(EAD), EAD Schema, archival description,encoding standard, 4.19 Revolution Collection
<지식처리연구 제8권 1/2호(2007.12).>
EAD를 이용한 기록정보의 기술 및 활용
-4월 혁명 연구반 컬렉션을 중심으로-
박 지 영 연세대학교 문헌정보학과 박사과정
김 태 수 연세대학교 문헌정보학과 교수
초 록
본 연구에서는 EAD 2002의 특징 및 이와 관련된 연구와 사례를 살펴보고, 이를 연세대학교 기록보
존소에 소장된 4.19 혁명 연구반 컬렉션(4.19 컬렉션)을 대상으로 적용시켰다는 점에서 의의를 갖는
다. 4.19 컬렉션을 분석하여 기술요소를 작성하고 이를
에 기반을 둔 EAD에 맞게 재구성하였다. 그 결과 XML 포맷으로 재구성한 4.19 컬렉션에 대한 탐색보
조도구는 기술(descriptive) 정보 관리 및 정보의 이용과 교환에 활용할 수 있었다.
핵심되는 말 : EAD 2002, EAD 스키마, 기록물 기술, 인코딩 표준, 4.19 컬렉션
[Article]A Study on Record Management Systems of China and Japan
Kang , Dae-Shin, & Park, Zi-Young. (2004). A Study on Record Management Systems of China and Japan. Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Record Management, 4(2), 92-117.
ABSTRACT
Korea has the glorious documentary cultural heritage including Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, Memory of the World, from old times. But We had been felt into serious situation, it is very difficult to find some records of late years, through rapid changes of society in modern history. Fortunately, in 1999, “law of archives management in public sector” was enacted but It is some difficult to apply to field. Accordingly, We studied archives laws and record management systems, education systems in Japan and China, neighborhood countries and compared them with Korea's. Life cycle of Gathering, Managing, Using records & archives is reflected in China's archives law, “Dangan” and It is useful to referred to Korea. On the other hand, Japan and Korea's archives law focus on administering and capturing records and archives. In case of Management agency of archives, China has a linear managing system from state to regional agency and Japan and Korea have different system in State and Region. We recommend following items ; reform archives law, status of goverment archives, professional education and arrangement etc.
중국·일본의 기록관리 제도에 관한 연구
강대신(Dae-Shin Kang) , 박지영(Zi-Young Park)
한국기록관리학회, 한국기록관리학회지, 제4권 제2호 2004.12, pp. 92~117(26pages)
ㆍUCI : G300-j15981487.v4n2p92
ㆍURL : http://dbpia.co.kr/view/ar_view.asp?arid=590628
목차
국문초록
ABSTRACT
1. 서론
2. 중국의 기록관리 제도 및 체계
3. 일본의 기록관리 제도 및 체계
4. 한·중·일 기록관리 제도 및 체계 비교
5. 시사점 및 결론
참고문헌
초록
조선왕조실록이 세계기록문화유산으로 지정되는 등 우리는 찬란한 기록문화를 보유한 나라지만, 근대의 여러 격변기를 거치면서 몇 년전의 기록도 찾기 힘든 상황에 직면하는 등 기록문화가 없는 나라로 전락하였다. 다행히 1999년 <공공기관의기록물관리에의한법률>이 제정되어 제도적인 장치는 확보하였지만 적용에 있어서는 여러 가지 어려움을 격고 있다. 이에 우리나라와 문화적, 지리적으로 밀접한 관계가 있는 중국과 일본의 기록관리 제도 및 체계를 살펴보고, 우리나라의 제도와 비교해 보고자 하였다. 중국의 기록 관리법인 국가당안법은 기록물의 수집부터 관리, 활용에 이르기까지 일련의 과정에 대해 체계적으로 잘 규정화한 반면, 일본과 우리나라는 기록물의 행정관리 및 수집측면을 강조하고 있다. 기록물 관리기관의 경우, 중국은 중앙에서 지방 하부 기관에 이르기까지 일차원적인 체계를 유지하고 있는 반면, 일본은 중앙과 지방을 구분하여 기록물을 관리하고 있다. 전문인력을 양성하기 위한 교육제도 또한 중국은 학력교육과 계속교육이 균형있게 진행되고, 단일 학문으로까지 발전시키고 있으나, 일본은 아직 학력교육의 틀이 잡히지 않았으며, 우리나라 또한 시작단계에 불과하다. 중국과 일본의 기록관리 제도에 대한 분석과 우리나라 제도와의 비교를 통해 본 글에서는 법령개정·보완 문제, 중앙기록물관리기관의 위상문제, 전문인력 배치 및 자격에 관한 문제, 관련 교육 문제에 대해 고려할 만한 사항을 제시하고 있다.
ABSTRACT
Korea has the glorious documentary cultural heritage including Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, Memory of the World, from old times. But We had been felt into serious situation, it is very difficult to find some records of late years, through rapid changes of society in modern history. Fortunately, in 1999, “law of archives management in public sector” was enacted but It is some difficult to apply to field. Accordingly, We studied archives laws and record management systems, education systems in Japan and China, neighborhood countries and compared them with Korea's. Life cycle of Gathering, Managing, Using records & archives is reflected in China's archives law, “Dangan” and It is useful to referred to Korea. On the other hand, Japan and Korea's archives law focus on administering and capturing records and archives. In case of Management agency of archives, China has a linear managing system from state to regional agency and Japan and Korea have different system in State and Region. We recommend following items ; reform archives law, status of goverment archives, professional education and arrangement etc.
중국·일본의 기록관리 제도에 관한 연구
강대신(Dae-Shin Kang) , 박지영(Zi-Young Park)
한국기록관리학회, 한국기록관리학회지, 제4권 제2호 2004.12, pp. 92~117(26pages)
ㆍUCI : G300-j15981487.v4n2p92
ㆍURL : http://dbpia.co.kr/view/ar_view.asp?arid=590628
목차
국문초록
ABSTRACT
1. 서론
2. 중국의 기록관리 제도 및 체계
3. 일본의 기록관리 제도 및 체계
4. 한·중·일 기록관리 제도 및 체계 비교
5. 시사점 및 결론
참고문헌
초록
조선왕조실록이 세계기록문화유산으로 지정되는 등 우리는 찬란한 기록문화를 보유한 나라지만, 근대의 여러 격변기를 거치면서 몇 년전의 기록도 찾기 힘든 상황에 직면하는 등 기록문화가 없는 나라로 전락하였다. 다행히 1999년 <공공기관의기록물관리에의한법률>이 제정되어 제도적인 장치는 확보하였지만 적용에 있어서는 여러 가지 어려움을 격고 있다. 이에 우리나라와 문화적, 지리적으로 밀접한 관계가 있는 중국과 일본의 기록관리 제도 및 체계를 살펴보고, 우리나라의 제도와 비교해 보고자 하였다. 중국의 기록 관리법인 국가당안법은 기록물의 수집부터 관리, 활용에 이르기까지 일련의 과정에 대해 체계적으로 잘 규정화한 반면, 일본과 우리나라는 기록물의 행정관리 및 수집측면을 강조하고 있다. 기록물 관리기관의 경우, 중국은 중앙에서 지방 하부 기관에 이르기까지 일차원적인 체계를 유지하고 있는 반면, 일본은 중앙과 지방을 구분하여 기록물을 관리하고 있다. 전문인력을 양성하기 위한 교육제도 또한 중국은 학력교육과 계속교육이 균형있게 진행되고, 단일 학문으로까지 발전시키고 있으나, 일본은 아직 학력교육의 틀이 잡히지 않았으며, 우리나라 또한 시작단계에 불과하다. 중국과 일본의 기록관리 제도에 대한 분석과 우리나라 제도와의 비교를 통해 본 글에서는 법령개정·보완 문제, 중앙기록물관리기관의 위상문제, 전문인력 배치 및 자격에 관한 문제, 관련 교육 문제에 대해 고려할 만한 사항을 제시하고 있다.
[Article]An Experimental Study on Web Link Analysis of the Korean National Archives
Park, Zi-Young. (2008). An Experimental Study on Web Link Analysis of the Korean National Archives. Journal of the Korean Society for information Management, 25(2), 167~181.
ABSTRACT
In this study. web link analysis of the Korean National Archives was performed using LexiURL to show the dynamic flow of the National Archives and to identify closely related institutions that the archives should seek to cooperate with in order to develop an institutional strategic plan. Inlink and co-inlink analysis were performed to identify the related institutions and a comparison was made with other countries, including Australia, England, and the United States. Most of the inlinks and co-inlinks to the Korean National Archives were from public institutions. indicating that relationships with educational or research institutions are weak. Korean National Archives web links related to international activities were also fewer than those of other countries. Therefore, the study recommends that educational functions, research functions, and international activities should be fortified; the Korean National Archives should provide more materials in support of educational and research activities and should promote more cultural interchange among related institutions. Further research with different heritage institutions such as libraries or museums is needed.
국가기록원 웹사이트 링크정보 분석에 관한 실험적 연구
Zi-Young Park(박지영)
Journal of the Korean Society for Information Management 第25卷 第2號, 2008.6 : 167-181
목차
ABSTRACT
초록
1. Introduction
2. Research Methods
3. Link Analysis Results
4. Conclusion
References
초록
본 연구에서는 우리나라 국가기록원의 발전 전략 개발을 위해, 국가기록원 웹사이트의 웹링크를 분석하고, 협력이 필요한 관련 기관을 도출하였다. 웹링크의 수집과 분석에는 LexiURL을 이용하였으며. inlink와 co-inlik를 분석하였다. 그리고 우리의 경우와 비교하기 위해 해외 국가기록원(미국, 영국, 호주)의 웹링크도 함께 분석하였다. 웹링크 분석을 통해서 우리나라 국가기록원의 현황 파악과 발전전략 수립을 위한 몇 가지 제안사항을 도출하였다. 현재 우리나라 국가기록원은 대부분의 inlink와 co-inlink가 공공기관에서 온 것으로 교육기관이나 연구기관과의 연계성이 약하다. 또한 국제 활동 현황을 볼 수 있는 링크도 다른 국가들에 비해 부족하다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 앞으로는 교육기능과 연구기능, 국제교류 측면을 강화해야 한다. 국가기록원은 학습과 연구활동을 지원할 기록정보를 제공하고, 관련 기관과의 문화교류를 확대할 필요가 있다. 향후에는 도서관이나 박물관과 같은 문화유산 관리기관과의 비교 분석도 이루어질 필요가 있다.
ABSTRACT
In this study. web link analysis of the Korean National Archives was performed using LexiURL to show the dynamic flow of the National Archives and to identify closely related institutions that the archives should seek to cooperate with in order to develop an institutional strategic plan. Inlink and co-inlink analysis were performed to identify the related institutions and a comparison was made with other countries, including Australia, England, and the United States. Most of the inlinks and co-inlinks to the Korean National Archives were from public institutions. indicating that relationships with educational or research institutions are weak. Korean National Archives web links related to international activities were also fewer than those of other countries. Therefore, the study recommends that educational functions, research functions, and international activities should be fortified; the Korean National Archives should provide more materials in support of educational and research activities and should promote more cultural interchange among related institutions. Further research with different heritage institutions such as libraries or museums is needed.
국가기록원 웹사이트 링크정보 분석에 관한 실험적 연구
Zi-Young Park(박지영)
Journal of the Korean Society for Information Management 第25卷 第2號, 2008.6 : 167-181
목차
ABSTRACT
초록
1. Introduction
2. Research Methods
3. Link Analysis Results
4. Conclusion
References
초록
본 연구에서는 우리나라 국가기록원의 발전 전략 개발을 위해, 국가기록원 웹사이트의 웹링크를 분석하고, 협력이 필요한 관련 기관을 도출하였다. 웹링크의 수집과 분석에는 LexiURL을 이용하였으며. inlink와 co-inlik를 분석하였다. 그리고 우리의 경우와 비교하기 위해 해외 국가기록원(미국, 영국, 호주)의 웹링크도 함께 분석하였다. 웹링크 분석을 통해서 우리나라 국가기록원의 현황 파악과 발전전략 수립을 위한 몇 가지 제안사항을 도출하였다. 현재 우리나라 국가기록원은 대부분의 inlink와 co-inlink가 공공기관에서 온 것으로 교육기관이나 연구기관과의 연계성이 약하다. 또한 국제 활동 현황을 볼 수 있는 링크도 다른 국가들에 비해 부족하다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 앞으로는 교육기능과 연구기능, 국제교류 측면을 강화해야 한다. 국가기록원은 학습과 연구활동을 지원할 기록정보를 제공하고, 관련 기관과의 문화교류를 확대할 필요가 있다. 향후에는 도서관이나 박물관과 같은 문화유산 관리기관과의 비교 분석도 이루어질 필요가 있다.
[Article]A Study on the Application of a CRM-based FRBR Ontology for Cultural Heritage Information : Based on the FRBRoo(object-oriented FRBR)
Park, Zi-Young. (2008). A Study on the Application of a CRM-based FRBR Ontology for Cultural Heritage Information: Based on the FRBRoo(object-oriented FRBR). Journal of the Korean Biblia Society for Library and Information Science, 19(2), 45-62.
Abstract This study provides a reference ontology for cultural heritage information. The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) has promoted cooperation among memory institutions; for example, it has resulted in the development of FRBRoo, a reconstructed version of FRBR based on CRM. In this study, this harmonized ontology version of FRBR was analysed. Suggestions based on the analysis results include empowered interoperability for information exchange and integration among cultural institutions, as well as designing inference rules that are more comprehensive than original FRBR model. The byproducts of harmonization examined in this study indicate internal inconsistencies of the FRBR model and CRM itself; these should be refined.
문화유산 자원 통합 활용을 위한 CRM 기반 FRBR 응용 온톨로지 적용에 관한 연구
- FRBRoo를 중심으로(object-oriented FRBR)
박지영(Zi-Young Park)
한국비블리아학회지 제19권 제2호, 2008.12 : 45-62
ㆍUCI : G300-jX1113661.v19n2p45
ㆍURL : http://dbpia.co.kr/view/ar_view.asp?arid=1113661
목차
초록
ABSTRACT
1. 서론
2. 연계 온톨로지 정보원
3. 연계 온톨로지 분석
4. 연계 온톨로지 적용 방안
5. 결론
참고문헌
초록
문화유산 정보 관리를 위한 참조온톨로지인 CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model(CRM)을 통해 관련 기관 간의 상호 협력 가능성이 증대되었으며, 서지레코드를 중심으로 개발된 FRBR 모형을 CRM을 기반으로 재구조화하여 통합한 FRBRoo 모형이 개발되었다. 본 연구에서는 FRBRoo 온톨로지를 분석하고 향후 적용방안을 도출하였는데, 그 결과 FRBRoo를 통해 문화유산 관리기관 간 정보의 교환과 통합을 위한 상호운용성 강화와 보다 확장된 추론 규칙을 설계할 수 있었다. 또한 통합의 부산물로써 FRBR과 CRM이 간과했던 정보 자원의 특징들을 새로운 시각으로 인식하고 개선할 수 있는 기회도 얻게 되었다.
Abstract This study provides a reference ontology for cultural heritage information. The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) has promoted cooperation among memory institutions; for example, it has resulted in the development of FRBRoo, a reconstructed version of FRBR based on CRM. In this study, this harmonized ontology version of FRBR was analysed. Suggestions based on the analysis results include empowered interoperability for information exchange and integration among cultural institutions, as well as designing inference rules that are more comprehensive than original FRBR model. The byproducts of harmonization examined in this study indicate internal inconsistencies of the FRBR model and CRM itself; these should be refined.
문화유산 자원 통합 활용을 위한 CRM 기반 FRBR 응용 온톨로지 적용에 관한 연구
- FRBRoo를 중심으로(object-oriented FRBR)
박지영(Zi-Young Park)
한국비블리아학회지 제19권 제2호, 2008.12 : 45-62
ㆍUCI : G300-jX1113661.v19n2p45
ㆍURL : http://dbpia.co.kr/view/ar_view.asp?arid=1113661
목차
초록
ABSTRACT
1. 서론
2. 연계 온톨로지 정보원
3. 연계 온톨로지 분석
4. 연계 온톨로지 적용 방안
5. 결론
참고문헌
초록
문화유산 정보 관리를 위한 참조온톨로지인 CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model(CRM)을 통해 관련 기관 간의 상호 협력 가능성이 증대되었으며, 서지레코드를 중심으로 개발된 FRBR 모형을 CRM을 기반으로 재구조화하여 통합한 FRBRoo 모형이 개발되었다. 본 연구에서는 FRBRoo 온톨로지를 분석하고 향후 적용방안을 도출하였는데, 그 결과 FRBRoo를 통해 문화유산 관리기관 간 정보의 교환과 통합을 위한 상호운용성 강화와 보다 확장된 추론 규칙을 설계할 수 있었다. 또한 통합의 부산물로써 FRBR과 CRM이 간과했던 정보 자원의 특징들을 새로운 시각으로 인식하고 개선할 수 있는 기회도 얻게 되었다.
[Article]A design of preservation metadata for digital images: focused on the Yonsei Archives [in Japanese]
デジタルイメージ情報保存のためのメタデータの設計
－ 延世大学文書館を中心に－
Abstract
この研究では延世大学文書館のデジタルイメージ情報を対象に保存メタデータをデザインから管理するまでの 手続きを提案した。この保存メタデータは 延世大学文書館だけではなく、これからの他の機関との協力も考えて相互互換性も考慮したし、 延世大学文書館に 所蔵している他のメタデータとともに管理できるようにした。メタデータモデルと要素はニュージーランドの国立図書館の標準を活用したし、技術(technical)メタデータを xmlフォーマットで抽出して、既存目録データベースと一緒に管理するように具現した。
Keywords
デジタルイメージ、保存メタデ-タ、延世大学文書館、記錄保存所、裴敏洙(ペミンス)コレクション、ニュージーランドの国立図書館、メタデータ、metadata extractor
参考文献
CCSDS 650.0-B-1. 2002. Reference Mode for an Open Archival Information System(OAIS) Blue Book.. [cited on 2007.11.20]
Cedars. 2000. Metadata for Digital Preservation. [cited on 2007.11.20]
後藤敏行. 2007. デジタル情報保存のためのメタデータ: 現況と課題. 情報管理 50(2):74~86.
Hong Jea-Hyun. 2004. A Study on Preservation Metadata Elements for Digital Information Resources. Korean Library And Information Science Society, Journal of the Korean Library And Information Science Society, 35(3):175~204.
Kim Hee-Jung. 2003. Research Trends in Digital Archiving and the OAIS Reference Model. Records Management & Archives Society Of Korea, Journal of Records Management & Archives Society Of Korea 3(1): 23 ~ 42.
栗山正光. 2004. OAIS 参照モデルと保存メタデータ. 情報の科学と技術. 54(9): 461~466.
Lee Kyung-Nam. 2006. A Study on Preservation Metadata for Long Term Preservation of Electronic Records. Korean Society Of Archival Studies, 記錄学硏究 14:191~240.
National Library of Australia. 1999. Preservation Metadata for Digital Collections.
< http://www.nla.gov.au/preserve/pmeta.html> [cited on 2007.11.20]
National Library of New Zealand. 2003. Metadata Standards Framework - Preservation Metadata (Revised)
[cited on 2007.11.20]
OCLC/RLG. 2005. PREMIS Working Group Final Report.
Seo Eun-Gyoung. 2005. A Study on Preservation Metadata for Digital Resources. Korea Society for Information Management, Journal of the Korea Society for Information Management 22(3): 233~260.
Yim Jin-Hee. 2006. The composition and structure of Archival Information Packages(AIP) for a long-term preservation of electronic records. Korean Society Of Archival Studies, 記錄学硏究 13: 41~90.
－ 延世大学文書館を中心に－
Abstract
この研究では延世大学文書館のデジタルイメージ情報を対象に保存メタデータをデザインから管理するまでの 手続きを提案した。この保存メタデータは 延世大学文書館だけではなく、これからの他の機関との協力も考えて相互互換性も考慮したし、 延世大学文書館に 所蔵している他のメタデータとともに管理できるようにした。メタデータモデルと要素はニュージーランドの国立図書館の標準を活用したし、技術(technical)メタデータを xmlフォーマットで抽出して、既存目録データベースと一緒に管理するように具現した。
Keywords
デジタルイメージ、保存メタデ-タ、延世大学文書館、記錄保存所、裴敏洙(ペミンス)コレクション、ニュージーランドの国立図書館、メタデータ、metadata extractor
参考文献
CCSDS 650.0-B-1. 2002. Reference Mode for an Open Archival Information System(OAIS) Blue Book.
Cedars. 2000. Metadata for Digital Preservation.
後藤敏行. 2007. デジタル情報保存のためのメタデータ: 現況と課題. 情報管理 50(2):74~86.
Hong Jea-Hyun. 2004. A Study on Preservation Metadata Elements for Digital Information Resources. Korean Library And Information Science Society, Journal of the Korean Library And Information Science Society, 35(3):175~204.
Kim Hee-Jung. 2003. Research Trends in Digital Archiving and the OAIS Reference Model. Records Management & Archives Society Of Korea, Journal of Records Management & Archives Society Of Korea 3(1): 23 ~ 42.
栗山正光. 2004. OAIS 参照モデルと保存メタデータ. 情報の科学と技術. 54(9): 461~466.
Lee Kyung-Nam. 2006. A Study on Preservation Metadata for Long Term Preservation of Electronic Records. Korean Society Of Archival Studies, 記錄学硏究 14:191~240.
National Library of Australia. 1999. Preservation Metadata for Digital Collections.
< http://www.nla.gov.au/preserve/pmeta.html> [cited on 2007.11.20]
National Library of New Zealand. 2003. Metadata Standards Framework - Preservation Metadata (Revised)
OCLC/RLG. 2005. PREMIS Working Group Final Report.
Seo Eun-Gyoung. 2005. A Study on Preservation Metadata for Digital Resources. Korea Society for Information Management, Journal of the Korea Society for Information Management 22(3): 233~260.
Yim Jin-Hee. 2006. The composition and structure of Archival Information Packages(AIP) for a long-term preservation of electronic records. Korean Society Of Archival Studies, 記錄学硏究 13: 41~90.
[Article]韓国十進分類法の主題表現力に関する研究
要旨
2009年初に韓国十進分類法(KDC)が13年ぶりに改定された. この研究では改定されたKDCの主題表現力を複合主題と混合主題を中心として分析した. 資料の主題をもっと忠実に表現するためにKDCを分析した結果, 助記表の合成記号と主題間の連結記号を追加することで改善の提案をした. この方式は既存の分類表であるKDCの標目と構造をそのまま活用しながら主題表現力を高めることができる方案で, KDC使用者たちに比較的なじみがあるという長所もある. ただ今回の研究では文学類に分析の範囲を制限したが, 今後は他の分野も対象に分析する必要がある.
キ―ワ―ド
韓国十進分類法, コロン分類法, 分析合成型分類表, 列挙型分類表, ファセット, 混合主題, 複合主題
参考文献
韓国図書館協会分類委員会 編ね 2009 『韓国十進分類法 第5版』ソウル: 韓国図書館協会
緑川信之 1997 「デューイ十進分類法における合成表示は複合主題への対応手段として有効か」『Library and information science』 38: 1-21.
Broughton, V. 2004. Essential classifica tion. London : Facet, London.
Broughton, V. and A. Slavic. 2007. “Building a faceted classification for the humanities: principles and procedures”, Journal of Documentation. 63: 727-754.
Iyer, H. 1995. Classificatory structures : concepts, relations, and representation. Frankfurt/Main: Indeks-Verl.
Ranganathan, S. R. 1960. Colon classification : basic classification. 6th ed. New Delhi : Ess Ess Publications for Sarada Ranganathan Endowment for Library Science.
2009年初に韓国十進分類法(KDC)が13年ぶりに改定された. この研究では改定されたKDCの主題表現力を複合主題と混合主題を中心として分析した. 資料の主題をもっと忠実に表現するためにKDCを分析した結果, 助記表の合成記号と主題間の連結記号を追加することで改善の提案をした. この方式は既存の分類表であるKDCの標目と構造をそのまま活用しながら主題表現力を高めることができる方案で, KDC使用者たちに比較的なじみがあるという長所もある. ただ今回の研究では文学類に分析の範囲を制限したが, 今後は他の分野も対象に分析する必要がある.
キ―ワ―ド
韓国十進分類法, コロン分類法, 分析合成型分類表, 列挙型分類表, ファセット, 混合主題, 複合主題
参考文献
韓国図書館協会分類委員会 編ね 2009 『韓国十進分類法 第5版』ソウル: 韓国図書館協会
緑川信之 1997 「デューイ十進分類法における合成表示は複合主題への対応手段として有効か」『Library and information science』 38: 1-21.
Broughton, V. 2004. Essential classifica tion. London : Facet, London.
Broughton, V. and A. Slavic. 2007. “Building a faceted classification for the humanities: principles and procedures”, Journal of Documentation. 63: 727-754.
Iyer, H. 1995. Classificatory structures : concepts, relations, and representation. Frankfurt/Main: Indeks-Verl.
Ranganathan, S. R. 1960. Colon classification : basic classification. 6th ed. New Delhi : Ess Ess Publications for Sarada Ranganathan Endowment for Library Science.
[Article]A Study on the Structure of Headings in Authority Records
[English]
Kim, Tae-soo, Kim, Lee-kyum, Lee, Hye-won, Park, Zi-Young. (2009). A Study on the Structure of Headings in Authority Records. Journal of information management, 40(3):1-21.
Author Keyword Authority Control, Authority Record, Main Entry, Universal Bibliographic Control(UBC), International Standard Authority Data Number(ISADN), Virtual International Authority File(VIAF), Heading, Access Point
ABSTRACT
This study suggests new constructions of headings in authority records to improve the conventional method of authority control. In the study, the reference structure between the established form and other forms was replaced by link structure based on access points, and the adoption of standard authority numbers was considered. Additional elements such as using work information to distinguish homonyms and establishment of a notational system for headings, to promote sharing of authority records, were also addressed. In addition, a sample authority records management system was constructed to test the structure of headings suggested in this study. Study results confirmed that management, identification, and sharing of authority records can be considerably improved from the conventional authority control system.
[국문]
김태수, 김이겸, 이혜원, 김용광, 박지영. (2009). 전거레코드 표목의 구조화 연구 - 인명과 단체명 전거레코드의 표목을 중심으로 -. 정보관리연구 40(3):1-21.
저자키워드
전거제어, 전거레코드, 전거형식, 국제서지제어 원칙, 국제표준전거데이터번호, 가상의 국제전거파일, 표목, 접근점
국문초록
본 연구에서는 기존의 전거제어 방식의 단점을 보완할 수 있는 표목의 구조화 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 먼저 표목의 연결 구조를 전거형식과 그 이형을 참조로 연결하는 구조에서 동등한 접근점 간의 연결 구조로 개선하였으며, 전거형식 대신 전거제어번호를 식별기호로 도입하는 방안을 고려하였다. 그리고 동명이인이나 동명이단체의 식별을 위해 관련 저작정보를 제시하는 등 추가 식별정보를 제시하였으며, 전거데이터 표기체계를 기술하여 전거데이터의 교환과 공유를 촉진시키는 데 활용하도록 하였다. 또한 이 연구에서 제시한 표목의 구조화 방식을 적용하여 전거레코드를 작성하기 위한 전거시스템을 구축하였다. 그 결과, 대표형식을 선정하는 데 있어서의 어려움이 있었던 기존의 방식과 달리 전거형식을 폐지해도 전거레코드의 작성 및 유지에 어려움이 없으며, 전거레코드의 식별과 교환 측면이 강화되었음을 확인하였다.
Kim, Tae-soo, Kim, Lee-kyum, Lee, Hye-won, Park, Zi-Young. (2009). A Study on the Structure of Headings in Authority Records. Journal of information management, 40(3):1-21.
Author Keyword Authority Control, Authority Record, Main Entry, Universal Bibliographic Control(UBC), International Standard Authority Data Number(ISADN), Virtual International Authority File(VIAF), Heading, Access Point
ABSTRACT
This study suggests new constructions of headings in authority records to improve the conventional method of authority control. In the study, the reference structure between the established form and other forms was replaced by link structure based on access points, and the adoption of standard authority numbers was considered. Additional elements such as using work information to distinguish homonyms and establishment of a notational system for headings, to promote sharing of authority records, were also addressed. In addition, a sample authority records management system was constructed to test the structure of headings suggested in this study. Study results confirmed that management, identification, and sharing of authority records can be considerably improved from the conventional authority control system.
[국문]
김태수, 김이겸, 이혜원, 김용광, 박지영. (2009). 전거레코드 표목의 구조화 연구 - 인명과 단체명 전거레코드의 표목을 중심으로 -. 정보관리연구 40(3):1-21.
저자키워드
전거제어, 전거레코드, 전거형식, 국제서지제어 원칙, 국제표준전거데이터번호, 가상의 국제전거파일, 표목, 접근점
국문초록
본 연구에서는 기존의 전거제어 방식의 단점을 보완할 수 있는 표목의 구조화 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 먼저 표목의 연결 구조를 전거형식과 그 이형을 참조로 연결하는 구조에서 동등한 접근점 간의 연결 구조로 개선하였으며, 전거형식 대신 전거제어번호를 식별기호로 도입하는 방안을 고려하였다. 그리고 동명이인이나 동명이단체의 식별을 위해 관련 저작정보를 제시하는 등 추가 식별정보를 제시하였으며, 전거데이터 표기체계를 기술하여 전거데이터의 교환과 공유를 촉진시키는 데 활용하도록 하였다. 또한 이 연구에서 제시한 표목의 구조화 방식을 적용하여 전거레코드를 작성하기 위한 전거시스템을 구축하였다. 그 결과, 대표형식을 선정하는 데 있어서의 어려움이 있었던 기존의 방식과 달리 전거형식을 폐지해도 전거레코드의 작성 및 유지에 어려움이 없으며, 전거레코드의 식별과 교환 측면이 강화되었음을 확인하였다.
2010년 8월 10일 화요일
[postdoc]Postdoc in information organization: Milwaukee: Aug 2010-2011
공고 바로가기 클릭!
IORG 가기 클릭!
The School of Information Studies at the University of
Wisconsin-Milwaukee is accepting applications for a Postdoctoral
Fellowship in Information Organization for 2010-2011.
The information organization fellowship is designed for recent PhDs
who are interested in knowledge and/or information organization. We
are seeking candidates with research and teaching interests in a range
of topics or applications including but not limited to classification
theory, domain analysis, ontology and epistemology, resource
description, metadata, information architecture, taxonomies,
ontologies, tagging, and/or the Semantic Web. Applicants interested in
cultural perspectives and/or collaborative research are particularly
welcome.
Along with continuing their own research agenda, the fellow will work
closely with the Information Organization Research Group and
affiliated faculty https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/hurli/www/IORG/ , work
with current PhD students, assist in coordination of related events,
and participate in the academic and intellectual community of the
School. The fellow will be expected to teach one class in each of the
fall and spring semesters. The stipend for the fellowship will be
$38,000 for a 12-month appointment beginning in August 2010, with a
$2,000 research and travel stipend. Fellows are eligible for benefits.
Stipend is subject to current/future UW System furlough policies.
Application Information:
- Applicants must be scholars who are not yet tenured and who are no
more than 3 years past receiving their PhD.
- Applicants must hold a PhD in a information studies or related
discipline. Applicants who do not yet hold a PhD but expect to have it
by August, 2010 will be asked to provide a letter from their home
institution corroborating the degree award schedule.
- Application packages must include: letter explaining the applicant's
research agenda for the postdoc year, teaching interests, and
appropriateness for the fellowship; curriculum vitae; writing sample;
and the names of 3 references.
- Send all application materials electronically to: Lauram at uwm.edu
- Priority will be given to applicants who respond by June 4, 2010.
We will accept applications until the position is filled.
Hur-Li Lee, Ph.D., M.L.S.
Associate Professor
Information Organization Research Group
(https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/hurli/www/IORG/)
School of Information Studies
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Voice: (414) 229-6838
Email: hurli at uwm.edu
IORG 가기 클릭!
The School of Information Studies at the University of
Wisconsin-Milwaukee is accepting applications for a Postdoctoral
Fellowship in Information Organization for 2010-2011.
The information organization fellowship is designed for recent PhDs
who are interested in knowledge and/or information organization. We
are seeking candidates with research and teaching interests in a range
of topics or applications including but not limited to classification
theory, domain analysis, ontology and epistemology, resource
description, metadata, information architecture, taxonomies,
ontologies, tagging, and/or the Semantic Web. Applicants interested in
cultural perspectives and/or collaborative research are particularly
welcome.
Along with continuing their own research agenda, the fellow will work
closely with the Information Organization Research Group and
affiliated faculty https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/hurli/www/IORG/ , work
with current PhD students, assist in coordination of related events,
and participate in the academic and intellectual community of the
School. The fellow will be expected to teach one class in each of the
fall and spring semesters. The stipend for the fellowship will be
$38,000 for a 12-month appointment beginning in August 2010, with a
$2,000 research and travel stipend. Fellows are eligible for benefits.
Stipend is subject to current/future UW System furlough policies.
Application Information:
- Applicants must be scholars who are not yet tenured and who are no
more than 3 years past receiving their PhD.
- Applicants must hold a PhD in a information studies or related
discipline. Applicants who do not yet hold a PhD but expect to have it
by August, 2010 will be asked to provide a letter from their home
institution corroborating the degree award schedule.
- Application packages must include: letter explaining the applicant's
research agenda for the postdoc year, teaching interests, and
appropriateness for the fellowship; curriculum vitae; writing sample;
and the names of 3 references.
- Send all application materials electronically to: Lauram at uwm.edu
- Priority will be given to applicants who respond by June 4, 2010.
We will accept applications until the position is filled.
Hur-Li Lee, Ph.D., M.L.S.
Associate Professor
Information Organization Research Group
(https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/hurli/www/IORG/)
School of Information Studies
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Voice: (414) 229-6838
Email: hurli at uwm.edu
Curriculum Vitae
ZIYOUNG PARK
Associate Professor, Dept. of Library and Information Science, Hansung University
116 Samsungyoro-16 gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02876, Korea
Email: zgpark@hansung.ac.kr
EDUCATION
Yonsei University, Korea
Ph.D. 2010. Library and Information Science
Dissertation: “A Study on Developing a Faceted Classification Scheme Integrated with a Thesaurus for Literature”
Dissertation adviser: Taesoo Kim
Yonsei University, Korea
M.A. 2004. Library and Information Science
Thesis: “An Experimental Study on the Construction of Multidimensional Thesaurus”
Yonsei University, Korea
B.A. 2002. Library and Information Science and Korean Language and Literature
RESEARCH INTERESTS
- Subject Analysis and Representation
- Construction of Thesaurus, Ontology, and Linked Data
- Interoperability between Knowledge Organization Systems
- Archives and Records Management
TEACHING EXPERIENCE
Hansung University, Korea (Tenuer-track Professor) 2011-2017
– Classification Theory and Practice
– Information Resource Description and Access
– Knowledge Organization Theory and Practice
– Arrangement for Archives and Records
Sookmyung Women’s University, Korea (Lecturer) 2010
– Cataloging Information Resources
Yonsei University, Korea (Lecturer) 2009
– Information Cataloging
RELATED EXPERIENCE
Standardization Group for National Bibliography of National Library of Korea 2016-present
Cataloging Committee of Korean Library Association (Seoul, Korea)
(Committee member for the revision of Korean Cataloging Rules) 2013-present
Metadata Standard Committee of National Library of Korea (Seoul, Korea)
(Committee member for the review of the metadata standards) 2012-2014
Information Organization Research Group of National Library of Korea (Seoul, Korea) (Group member for the review and analysis of Resource Description and Access) 2007 -2009
University Archives, Yonsei University (Seoul, Korea) (Archival Researcher)
2006-2007
Knowledge Analysis Team, DaumSoft (Seoul, Korea) (Assistant manager)
2004-2006
PUBLICATIONS AND PAPERS
Published in English Monograph and Article
Park, Ziyoung & Kim, Heejung. (2013). Organizing and Sharing Information Using Linked Data, Chapter in New Directions in Information Organization, edited by Park, Jungran. Emerald.
Lee, Hyewon & Park, Zi-Young. (2013). FRBRizing Bibliographic Records Focusing on Identifiers and Role Indicators in the Korean Cataloging Environment. In The FRBR Family of Conceptual Models: Toward a Linked Bibliographic Future edited by Richard P. Smiraglia, Pat Riva, Maja Zumer. Routledge. (* It was co-published as a special issue of Cataloging & Classification Quarterly. Lee, Hyewon & Park, Zi-Young. (2012). FRBRizing Bibliographic Records Focusing on Identifiers and Role Indicators in the Korean Cataloging Environment. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 50(5-7): 688-704.)
Published in Korean Monograph
Park, Ziyoung. (2015). “분류란 무엇인가-지식의 구조화와 검색에 관한 이해,” Seoul: 한울아카데미. [Translation](Original text: Classification made simple by Eric J. Hunter, 2009. Ashgate)
Park, Ziyoung. (2012). “주제전거 데이터의 기능요건 (FRSAD),” [Translation]. Seoul: National Library of Korea, 2012 (original text: Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) by IFLA).
Published in Korean Journals
Park, Ziyoung (2017). A Study on the Revision Archival Thesaurus Construction. Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Record Management, 17 (1): 117-141.
Park, Ziyoung (2017). Transition of Archival Description from ISAD(G) to Record in Context Conceptual Model. Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Record Management, 17 (1): 93-115.
Park, Ziyoung (2016). Consolidation of FRBR Family Models Focusing on FRBR Library Reference Model. Korean Society for Library and Information Science, 50(1): 533-553.
Park, Ziyoung (2016). Analyzing the Next Generation Archival Description Standard Focusing on the “Record in Context” of ICA EGAD, Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Record Management, 16 (1): 223-245.
Park, Ziyoung (2016). Linking Bibliographic Data and Public Library Service Data Using Bibliographic Framework. Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science, 33(1):293-316.
Park, Ziyoung (2014). Linking and Sharing EAD Authority Records Using RAMP: Focusing on the Records of "Park, Kyung-ni", Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Record Management, 14(2): 61-82.
Park, Ziyoung (2012). Developing Subject Headings for Children's Picture Books Based on 『A to Zoo』. Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science, 29(4): 251-271.
Park, Ziyoung (2012). Applying CONA to FRSAD for Organizing Cultural Works Information. Bibliography. Journal of the Korean Biblia Society for Library and Information Science, 23(2): 27–44.
Park, Ziyoung (2012). Improving Faceted Navigation Using the KDC Tables for the Korean Bibliography. Journal of the Korean Biblia Society for Library and Information Science, 23(1): 47–63.
Park, Ziyoung (2012). Extending Bibliographic Information Using Linked Data. Journal of the Korean Society for information Management, 29(1): 231-251.
Park, Ziyoung (2011). A Study on Using the Role Indicators to Improve the Description Methods of the Statement of Responsibility. Journal of the Korean Society for information Management, 28(3): 65-82.
Park, Ziyoung (2011). A Study on the Functional Requirement of Subject Authority Data for Subject Authority Control. Journal of Information Management, 42(1): 113–135.
Park, Ziyoung (2010). Developing a Faceted Classification Scheme Integrated with a Thesaurus for Literature. Journal of the Korean Biblia Society for Library and Information Science, 21(3): 77–89.
Kim, Tae-soo, Kim, Lee-kyum, Lee, Hye-won, Park, Zi-Young (2009). A Study on the Structure of Headings in Authority Records. Journal of Information Management, 40(3):1–21.
Park, Zi-Young (2008). A Study on the Application of a CRM-based FRBR Ontology for Cultural Heritage Information: Based on the FRBRoo (object-oriented FRBR). Journal of the Korean Biblia Society for Library and Information Science, 19(2): 45–62.
Park, Zi-Young (2008). An Experimental Study on Web Link Analysis of the Korean National Archives. Journal of the Korean Society for information Management, 25(2): 167–181.
Park, Zi-Young, Kim, Tae-soo (2007). Extended Bibliographic Relationships in Resource Description and Access. Journal of Knowledge Processing and Management, 8(1/2): 1–15.
Park, Zi-Young, Kim, Tae-soo (2007). Implementation of EAD 2002 for 4.19 Collections. Journal of Knowledge Processing and Management, 8(1/2): 17–57.
Kang, Dae-Shin, & Park, Zi-Young (2004). A Study on Record Management Systems of China and Japan. Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Record Management, 4(2): 92–117.
Park, Zi-Young, Kim, Tae-soo (2004). An Experimental Study on the Construction of Multidimensional Thesaurus. Journal of Knowledge Processing and Management, 5(1/2): 17–57. [Abstract]Published in English Journals
Published in Japanese Journals, written in Japanese
Park, Zi-Young. (2010). A study on the subject representations in Korean decimal classification. The Library science, 96, 15–20.
Park, Zi-Young. (2008). A design of preservation metadata for digital images: the Yonsei Archives. The Library science, 92, 31–41.
CONFERENCE PRESENTATION
Park, Ziyoung (Sept. 2016). Linking Arts Information Using CRM and FRBRoo. Presented at Museum Informatics Symposium Ⅱ- Interpretation & Dissemination, National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art. (Seoul, Korea).
Park, Ziyoung (Jan. 2016). Current Bibliographic Control in Korea Focusing on RDA, BIBFRAME, and LOD. Presented at International Forum on Recent Trends in Bibliographic control in the East Asian Region, Osaka Gakuin University (Osaka, Japan).
Park, Ziyoung (Oct. 2015). Expanding and Linking Archival Descriptive Information Using ArcFrame Model. Presented at the Conference of Korean Society of Archives and Record Management. (Cheon-ju, Korea).
Park, Ziyoung (Nov. 2014). Sharing Authority Data between Cultural Heritage Institutions Using FRBRoo. Presented at the Conference of Korean Biblia Society for Library and Information Science. (Seoul, Korea).
Park, Ziyoung (Aug. 2013). A Study on BibFrame Model for Next Generation Bibliographic Description Format. Presented at the Conference of Korean Society for Information Management. (Seoul, Korea).
RESEARCH PROJECTS (EXTERNAL FUNDING)
Co-Principal Investigator. “Compilation of the Documents regarding the Democratic Transformation of Visegrad Four: 1989-2004” From 2016.12 to 2019.11. Funded by the Korean Research Foundation.
Principal Investigator. “Constructing Performing Arts Linked Data Using Public Open Data” From 2016.11 to 2019.10. Funded from Korean Research Foundation.
Principal Investigator. “Constructing Functional Thesaurus for Korean Presidential Archives.” From 2016.8 to 2016.10. Funded from Korean Presidential Archives.
Co-Principal Investigator. “Adopting the MeSH framework for Indexing Korean Medical Journal.” From 2016.6 to 2016.11. Funded from Centers for Disease Control & Prevention.
Principal Investigator. “Extending and Improving FRBR model using FRBRoo 2.0.” From 2015.5 to 2016.4. Funded from Korean Research Foundation.
Principal Investigator. “Functional Analysis of Presidential Archival Records in Korea.” From 2015.7 to 2015.11. Funded from Korean Presidential Archives.
Principal Investigator. “Linking Bibliographic Data to Local Data of Korean Public Libraries.” From 2014.5 to 2015.4. Funded from Korean Research Foundation.
Principal Investigator. “Redesigning the Research Classification Scheme of Arts, Sports Science and Interdisciplinary Science.” From 2014.10 to 2015.1. Funded from Korean Research Foundation.
LANGUAGES
Korean – native language
Japanese – speak fluently and read/write with competence
English – speak, read, and write with competence
MEMBERSHIPS
Korean Society for Information Management (Editorial Board)
Korean Society of Archival Studies (Publication Director)
Korean Society of Archives and Records Management (Liaison Director)
Korean Society for Library and Information Science (Regular member)
피드 구독하기:
글 (Atom)